SCC-CIVIC-PG Track B: Community Resilience Micro-Bonds to Balance Cost and Social Equity among Stakeholders

美国政府每年投资10亿美元用于减轻灾害，但美国的恢复力投资缺口估计超过5200亿美元。由于美国日益严重的经济不平等，不同社区和人口群体之间的复原力差距正在扩大，而灾害事件演变成灾难又进一步加剧了这种差距。因此，寻找创新的战略和方法，为社会公平的抗灾能力改善提供资金，对社区的繁荣和生存至关重要。巨灾债券和抗灾债券是相当主流的话题，被用作从投资者那里筹集资金用于基础设施改善的机制，但对社会公平的关注较少，而社会公平是支撑社区抗灾能力的一个因素。社区不仅仅由基础设施的物理部分组成，还包括人、关系、网络，所有这些都是学校、医院和服务实体等社会机构的一部分。因此，本项目将实施一种新型债券，本文将其称为沿海社区恢复力微型债券（CCRMB）。在该项目中，将制定和实施创新战略和方法，为改善社会公平的复原力提供资金，这对社区的繁荣和生存至关重要。以基础设施为重点的债券对社区有帮助，但在抗灾能力债券范式中仍然存在很大差距，因为物理基础设施的修复是社区抗灾能力的必要条件，但不是充分条件。公民创新挑战赛拨款的目标是促进社会各部门和金融机构的贡献，投资于恢复力倡议，并为他们提供创新机制。通过利用CCRMB，可以在灾害发生前通过分阶段和全面的规划和投资实现物质和社会服务及机构的公平恢复。为了实现这一目标，需要对沿海社区所经历的多种灾害进行跨学科建模，南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿市将成为实施拟议的CCRMB的重点社区。这个项目是对公民创新挑战项目——Track B-Resilience to Natural disaster的回应，是NSF和国土安全部之间的合作项目。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The US government invests $1 billion annually in hazard mitigation, but the resilience investment gap for the US is estimated to exceed $520 billion. The resilience gap across different communities and population groups is widening due to growing economic inequality in the US, which is further exacerbated by hazard events which turn into disasters. Therefore, finding innovative strategies and methods to fund socially equitable resilience improvements is essential for communities to thrive and survive. Catastrophe Bonds and Disaster Resilience Bonds are fairly mainstream topics and are used as a mechanism to raise money from investors for infrastructure improvement, but less attention is paid to social equity, a factor that underpins community resilience. A community is made up of more than the physical parts of the infrastructure and involves people, relationships, networks, all working as part of social institutions such as schools, hospitals, and service entities. Therefore, in this project, a new type of bonds, termed herein as a Coastal Community Resilience Micro-Bonds (CCRMB), will be implemented. In this project, innovative strategies and methods to fund socially equitable resilience improvements, which are essential for communities to thrive and survive, will be developed and implemented. Infrastructure-focused bonds are helpful for communities, but still leave a substantial gap in the disaster resilience bond paradigm, because repair of physical infrastructure is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for community resilience. The goal of this CIVIC Innovation Challenge grant is to promote the contributions of various sectors and financial agents of a community to invest in resilience initiatives and provide innovative mechanisms for them to do so. By leveraging the CCRMB, equitable recovery of both physical and social services and institutions can be achieved through staged and comprehensive planning and investment prior to disasters. To accomplish this requires interdisciplinary modeling of the multiple hazards experienced by coastal communities, and the city of Charleston, SC will be the focus community for implementation of the proposed CCRMB. This project is in response to the Civic Innovation Challenge program, Track B—Resilience to Natural Disasters—and is a collaboration between NSF and the Department of Homeland Security.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.