CAREER: SBP: Understanding how diversity exposure impacts social categorization

职业：SBP：了解多样性暴露如何影响社会分类

• 批准号: 2046081
• 负责人: Zoe Liberman
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2046081&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; SBP; Understanding; how; diversity

People divide the social world into groups, based on attributes such as race, gender, and nationality. Beginning early in life, people use information about another person’s groups to form expectations about that person’s likely traits and behaviors. Even infants expect people in the same group to be similar. Expecting people within a group to be similar may lay the foundation for negative stereotypes and bias. One potential way to reduce bias is through positive interactions. Past research has shown that positive interactions with someone from an unfamiliar group improves attitudes towards other members of that group. But most communities do not include representation of people from every background. As a result, it is not feasible to have positive interactions with people from all groups. This project develops a new idea: that exposure to diversity more broadly (rather than to a specific group) may itself reduce stereotyping. This idea is tested by developing measures of the racial and linguistic diversity of infants’ and children’s neighborhoods and networks along with traditional measures of stereotyping.The project develops novel measures of exposure to diversity, based on the principle of entropy: networks that contain a greater number of groups and with more equal representation of groups are scored as more diverse. By pairing this novel measure with other validated measures of children’s stereotyping, the research will test whether differences in exposure to diversity are related to differences in stereotyping. This approach helps to address a number of fundamental questions. One is whether exposure to racial diversity reduces race-based stereotyping. Another is whether the effects of diversity exposure are even broader, such that exposure to linguistic diversity can reduce race-based stereotyping. A third is how children’s stereotyping based on racial groups compares to linguistic groups. The broad aim is to better understand how early exposure to diversity is related to stereotyping in infants and children. The laboratory-based research is a critical first step that can be leveraged for future interventions aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of stereotyping. The project also provides training in social psychology and developmental science for a diverse group of early-career researchers, and supports partnerships between the university and local museums aimed at increasing scientific literacy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们根据种族，性别和国籍等属性将社会世界分为群体。从生活的早期开始，人们使用有关他人群体的信息来形成对人类的特质和行为的期望。即使是婴儿也期望同一群体中的人们相似。期望一个小组中的人相似，这可能是负面刻板印象和偏见的基础。减少偏见的一种潜在方法是通过正相互作用。过去的研究表明，与陌生群体中的某人进行积极互动，对该组的其他成员进行了参加。但是，大多数社区并不包括各种背景的人的代表。结果，与来自所有群体的人进行积极互动是不可行的。该项目发展了一个新想法：更广泛地接触多样性（而不是特定群体）可能会减少刻板印象。通过制定衡量婴儿和儿童社区和网络的种族和语言多样性的衡量标准以及传统的刻板印象的测量来测试这个想法。该项目基于熵原则开发了新颖的多样性暴露量度：基于包含大量群体和更多群体的群体数量的网络，以及更多的群体代表更加多样化。通过将这种新颖的测量与其他经过验证的儿童陈规定型观念相结合，该研究将测试多样性暴露的差异是否与刻板印象的差异有关。这种方法有助于解决许多基本问题。一种是接触种族多样性是否会减少基于种族的刻板印象。另一个是多样性暴露的影响是否更广泛，因此，对语言多样性的曝光可以减少基于种族的刻板印象。第三个是基于种族群体与语言群体相比的儿童刻板印象。广泛的目的是更好地了解早期暴露于多样性与婴儿和儿童的刻板印象有关。基于实验室的研究是至关重要的第一步，可以利用旨在减轻刻板印象的负面影响的将来的干预措施。该项目还为多样化的早期研究人员提供了社会心理学和发展科学的培训，并支持大学与本地博物馆之间的伙伴关系，旨在增加科学文献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来审查Criteria来通过评估来获得支持的珍贵的。