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Collaborative Research: Moving Beyond the Margins: Modeling Water Availability and Habitable Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Polar Desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys

合作研究：超越边缘：麦克默多干谷极地沙漠的水资源可用性和宜居陆地生态系统建模

基本信息

批准号：
2046260
负责人：
Mark Salvatore
金额：
$ 38.77万
依托单位：
Northern Arizona University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-01 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2046260&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Moving Beyond Margins

项目摘要

Part I: Non-technical description: Water is life and nowhere is it more notable than in deserts. Within the drylands on Earth, the Antarctic deserts, represented in this study by the McMurdo Dry Valleys, exemplify life in extreme environments with scarce water, low temperatures and long periods of darkness during the polar winter. There is a scarcity of methods to determine water availability, data necessary to predict which species are successful in the drylands, unless measurements are done manually or with field instruments. This project aims to develop a remote method of determining soil moisture and use the new data to identify locations suitable for life. Combining these habitats with known species distributions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, results from this project will predict which species should be present, and also what is the expected species distribution in a changing environment. In this way the project takes advantage of a combination of methods, from recent remote sensing products, ecological models and 30 years of field collections to bring a prediction of how life might change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in a warmer, and possibly, moister future climate. This project benefits the National Science Foundation goals of expanding fundamental knowledge of Antarctic biota and the processes that sustain life in extreme environments. The knowledge acquired in this project will be disseminated to other drylands through training in high-school curricular programming in Native American communities of the Southwest U.S. Part II: Technical description: Terrestrial environments in Antarctica are characterized by low liquid water supply, sub-zero temperatures and the polar night in winter months. During summer, melting of snow patches, seasonal steams from glacial melt and vicinity to lakes provide a variety of environments that maintain life, not yet studied at landscape-scale level for habitat suitability and the processes that drive them. This project proposes to integrate remote sensing, hydrological models and ecological models to establish habitat suitability for species in the McMurdo Dry Valleys based on water availability. The approach is at a landscape level in order to establish present-day and future scenarios of species distribution. There are four main objectives: remote sensing development of moisture levels in soils, combining biological and soil data, building and calibrating models of habitat suitability by combining species distribution and environmental variability and applying statistical species distribution model. The field data needed to develop habitat suitability and calibration of models will leverage a the 30-year dataset collected by the McMurdo Long-Term Ecological Research program. Mechanistic models developed will be essential to predict species distribution in future climate scenarios. Training of post-doctoral researchers and a graduate student will prepare for the next generation of Antarctic scientists. Results from this project will train high-school students from Native American communities in the Southwestern U.S., where similar desert conditions exist.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术性说明：水是生命，没有什么地方比沙漠更值得注意。在地球上的旱地中，南极沙漠，在本研究中以麦克默多干谷为代表，在极地冬季缺水、低温和长时间黑暗的极端环境中孕育着生命。确定水供应量的方法和预测哪些物种在旱地成功所需的数据都很缺乏，除非用人工或实地仪器进行测量。该项目旨在开发一种确定土壤湿度的远程方法，并利用新数据确定适合生命的地点。结合这些栖息地与已知的物种分布在麦克默多干谷，从这个项目的结果将预测哪些物种应该存在，以及什么是预期的物种分布在不断变化的环境。通过这种方式，该项目利用了各种方法的组合，从最近的遥感产品，生态模型和30年的实地收集，预测麦克默多干旱山谷在未来更温暖，可能更潮湿的气候中生活可能会发生怎样的变化。该项目有利于国家科学基金会扩大南极生物群的基本知识和在极端环境中维持生命的过程的目标。通过在美国西南部美洲土著社区的高中课程规划中提供培训，将在该项目中获得的知识传播到其他旱地。南极洲陆地环境的特点是液态水供应量低、温度低于零度和冬季的极夜。在夏季，融化的雪补丁，季节性蒸汽从冰川融化和附近的湖泊提供了各种环境，维持生命，尚未研究在生态系统规模的栖息地适宜性和驱动它们的过程。该项目建议将遥感、水文模型和生态模型结合起来，根据水资源的可利用性，为麦克默多干旱河谷的物种建立生境适宜性。该方法是在景观一级，以建立当今和未来的物种分布情况。其主要目标有四个：土壤水分含量的遥感发展，结合生物和土壤数据，建立和校准的栖息地适宜性模型，结合物种分布和环境变化和应用统计物种分布模型。开发栖息地适宜性和模型校准所需的实地数据将利用麦克默多长期生态研究计划收集的30年数据集。所开发的机制模型对于预测未来气候情景中的物种分布至关重要。博士后研究人员和一名研究生的培训将为下一代南极科学家做准备。该项目的成果将培训来自美国西南部美洲原住民社区的高中生，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。