Long-term effects of invasive species in novel communities: comparative analyses of population dynamics, and phenotypic and genetic changes

新群落中入侵物种的长期影响：种群动态以及表型和遗传变化的比较分析

• 批准号: 245573258
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jonathan Jeschke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245573258?language=en
• 关键词: Long; term; effects; invasive; species

Invasion biology has addressed or even solved several key questions about biological invasions, but the central issue of long-term effects of invasive species has remained critically unexplored. Several case studies exist about long-term population dynamics of invasive species and their impacts, but a general synthesis or understanding is currently lacking. This knowledge gap is critical, as long-term shifts in invader population densities and traits are likely and may have large consequences of ecological and economic interest. The current project aims to narrow the knowledge gap. More specifically, I propose to investigate: (1) time lags of invaders, (2) boom-bust and other population dynamics of invaders, (3) phenotypic and genetic changes of invaders, (4) population dynamics of native species affected by invaders, and (5) phenotypic and genetic changes of native species affected by invaders. For the investigations, a database will be set up with long-term datasets (each one covering at least 10 years of data) contributed by a large group of collaborators from Europe and North America. The database will include datasets from 90 invasive species: 30 species for each of the three best investigated major taxonomic groups (vertebrate animals, invertebrate animals, plants/algae) and for each of the three major types of habitat (freshwater, marine, terrestrial). For 18 invasive species, datasets for at least 10 locations each will be available. And for 60 invasive species (10 for each taxonomic group in both freshwater and terrestrial habitats), data will be available on their specific effects on native species. The database will allow for investigations at different levels, from major habitats and taxonomic groups to individual species, populations, and locations. Several research questions will be addressed, for instance: (1) Do differences in time lags among invaders correlate with characteristics of the invaders (e.g. life-history traits), invaded habitats (e.g. species richness), or invader-habitat interactions (e.g. climatic difference between the invader's native and exotic range)? (2) Which invaders with which characteristics show boom-bust dynamics, and in which habitats? These and other research questions related to the five central topics of the project (see above) will be addressed. Some studies on these questions will be led by my research group, while others will be led by collaborators. I propose three workshops over the three-year project period and several individual meetings in order to allow for knowledge exchange with collaborators. A website will be designed to serve as a platform for the team and the database. This website may also be helpful for future projects on the topic. The proposed project is at a research frontier and may spark future initiatives, e.g. on other long-term changes in novel communities.

入侵生物学已经解决了几个关于生物入侵的关键问题，但入侵物种的长期影响的核心问题仍然没有得到深入的研究。关于入侵物种的长期种群动态及其影响，已有一些案例研究，但目前缺乏一般性的综合或理解。这种知识差距是至关重要的，因为入侵者人口密度和特征的长期变化是可能的，并可能产生巨大的生态和经济利益的后果。目前的项目旨在缩小知识差距。更具体地说，我建议调查：（1）入侵者的时滞，（2）入侵者的繁荣-萧条和其他种群动态，（3）入侵者的表型和遗传变化，（4）受入侵者影响的本地物种的种群动态，（5）受入侵者影响的本地物种的表型和遗传变化。为了进行调查，将建立一个数据库，其中包括欧洲和北美的一大群合作者提供的长期数据集（每个数据集至少涵盖10年的数据）。该数据库将包括90个入侵物种的数据集：三个调查最充分的主要分类组（脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物/藻类）和三个主要生境类型（淡水、海洋、陆地）各30个物种。对于18种入侵物种，每个物种至少有10个地点的数据集。对于60种入侵物种（淡水和陆地生境中每一分类组10种），将提供关于它们对本地物种的具体影响的数据。该数据库将允许在不同级别进行调查，从主要栖息地和分类群体到个别物种，种群和地点。几个研究问题将得到解决，例如：（1）入侵者之间的时间滞后的差异与入侵者的特征（如生活史特征），入侵的栖息地（如物种丰富度），或入侵者栖息地的相互作用（如入侵者的本地和外来范围之间的气候差异）？(2)哪些具有哪些特征的入侵者表现出繁荣-萧条动态，以及在哪些栖息地？将讨论与该项目的五个中心专题（见上文）有关的这些问题和其他研究问题。关于这些问题的一些研究将由我的研究小组领导，而其他研究将由合作者领导。我建议在三年的项目期间举办三次研讨会和几次单独会议，以便与合作者进行知识交流。将设计一个网站，作为该小组和数据库的平台。该网站也可能有助于未来关于该主题的项目。拟议的项目处于研究前沿，可能会激发未来的倡议，例如新社区的其他长期变化。