CAREER - Winding up our crystal clocks: Experimental studies of element diffusion in igneous minerals
职业生涯 - 给我们的水晶钟上发条:火成矿物中元素扩散的实验研究
基本信息
- 批准号:2047313
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 55.42万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2021-04-01 至 2026-09-30
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Volcanoes and their underlying magmatic plumbing systems (magma reservoirs, conduits) operate over timescales that vary between seconds (an explosive eruption) to several hundreds of thousands of years (progressive assembly of large reservoirs). Volcanic unrest prior to eruptions, expressed by increasing seismicity or ground deformation, tends to be directly correlated with subsurface magmatic processes (magma ascent, mixing of different magmas, formation of new pathways into the surrounding rock). Therefore, quantifying the timescales over which these processes operate is at the heart of volcanology and scenario-based hazards mitigation. Fortunately for scientists, magmas carry mineral cargo to the surface that can be used as ‘crystal clocks’. Chemical gradients preserved in minerals represent incomplete rehomogenization of the mineral’s chemical components, and can be used to estimate the duration over which the gradients formed through a technique called diffusion chronometry. The rate at which chemical elements diffuse/move in those minerals at magmatic temperatures needs to be first quantified through laboratory experiments for this method to be effective. However, these rates currently suffer from problems associated with simplified experimental setups and may not be directly applicable to natural magmas. This project proposes to carry out new sets of lab experiments at high temperature to better tune our crystal clocks, to aid in quantification of magmatic timescales under high threat volcanoes.The project also develops ‘Experiments in Geosciences’ as a common theme and educational goal. High school and college undergraduate student interest in STEM vocations has been shown to decline towards graduation. STEM careers are often deemed difficult due to math, physics or chemistry requirements, and achievement gaps tend to affect underrepresented minorities the hardest. Hawaii is one of the most diverse places in the US, yet this diversity is not yet reflected in undergraduate enrollment in Geosciences. Through series of integrated educational and outreach activities involving the PI, a Native Hawaiian PhD student, a MS student in Geoscience education, as well as several undergraduate students and senior collaborators, this project seeks to reconnect high school and undergraduate students to science and scientific research through hands-on experimentation. Diffusion chronometry in minerals is a powerful technique to extract magmatic timescales, based on the extent of concentration gradients produced by element diffusion with time. The method can theoretically be used to resolve any timescale, as long as suitable analytical tools are available, and the element diffusion rate is well known. Diffusion chronometry has experienced a surge in igneous applications over the last two decades as diffusion coefficients have become available. These coefficients are extracted from laboratory experiments involving solid couples, but natural magmatic minerals are surrounded by melt. The few diffusivities derived from melt-solid experiments appear significantly faster than their solid-solid counterparts. This project aims to better understand diffusion in minerals within magma. (i) Series of mineral-melt diffusion experiments will be carried out in the lab using olivine and plagioclase to determine whether diffusivities obtained are similar or higher than solid couples. Analytical work and TEM imaging will aid in understanding the mechanisms underpinning any differences observed. The experiments will also be used to extract melt-crystal partition coefficients. (ii) A unique, 29 year-long natural experiment (a slowly cooled lava lake) will be leveraged to test the diffusion chronometry technique. Olivine within a series of drill core samples collected 1959-1988 will be analyzed to study the compositional homogenization of elements within an olivine population, and detailed elemental profiles used to test the diffusion chronometry method with samples of known temperature histories. The overarching theme of this project is experimentation, both for research and educational purposes. A ‘scaled earth laboratory’ will be built during the project to allow students to engage in the science reasoning process, from designing to performing experiments, collecting and interpreting data, and making connections with natural systems. This lab will be exploited for undergraduate experiences at all levels and a new introductory course will be constructed with the help of the graduate students involved. Mobile portions of the lab will be taken to high schools, benefiting from an existing funded outreach effort (EPIK). We will conduct ‘Science Saturdays’ events, where small groups of high schoolers and their teachers are invited to tour the experimental and analytical facilities. Emphasis will be put on providing a tiered mentoring structure, where the PI, graduates, undergraduates all contribute to student advising. Everyone will get training on how to conduct Place-based investigations, and sensitized to the need to strengthen our institutions by increasing diversity and promoting equitable access to STEM research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
火山及其下伏的岩浆管道系统(岩浆库、管道)的运行时间从几秒钟(爆炸性喷发)到数十万年(大型水库的渐进组装)不等。喷发前的火山动乱表现为地震活动增加或地面变形,往往与地下岩浆作用(岩浆上升、不同岩浆混合、形成新的进入围岩的通道)直接相关。因此,量化这些过程运行的时间尺度是火山学和基于情景的灾害减灾的核心。对科学家来说,幸运的是,岩浆将矿物质带到地表,可以用作“水晶钟”。保存在矿物中的化学梯度代表矿物化学成分的不完全再均一化,可以用来估计通过一种名为扩散比色法的技术形成梯度的持续时间。要使这种方法有效,首先需要通过实验室实验来量化化学元素在岩浆温度下在这些矿物中扩散/移动的速度。然而,这些速率目前受到与简化的实验装置相关的问题的困扰,并且可能不直接适用于天然岩浆。该项目建议在高温下进行一系列新的实验室实验,以更好地调整我们的水晶时钟,以帮助量化高威胁火山下的岩浆时间尺度。该项目还将“地球科学实验”作为共同的主题和教育目标。高中和大学本科生对STEM职业的兴趣在毕业前有所下降。由于数学、物理或化学的要求,STEM职业生涯通常被认为是困难的,而成就差距往往对代表不足的少数族裔影响最大。夏威夷是美国最多元化的地方之一,然而这种多样性还没有体现在地球科学专业的本科生入学人数上。通过一系列综合教育和外展活动,参与活动的有夏威夷原住民博士生、地球科学教育硕士学生,以及几名本科生和高级合作者,该项目寻求通过动手实验使高中生和本科生重新接触科学和科学研究。矿物中的扩散计时是提取岩浆时间尺度的一种强有力的技术,它基于元素随时间扩散产生的浓度梯度的程度。只要有合适的分析工具,并且元素扩散速率是已知的,该方法理论上可以用于任何时间尺度的解析。随着扩散系数的出现,扩散比色法在过去20年中经历了火成岩应用的激增。这些系数是从涉及固体对的实验室实验中提取的,但天然岩浆矿物被熔体包围。从熔体-固体实验得出的少数扩散系数似乎比固体-固体实验的扩散系数要快得多。该项目旨在更好地了解岩浆中矿物的扩散情况。(I)将在实验室中使用橄榄石和斜长石进行一系列矿物熔体扩散实验,以确定所获得的扩散系数是类似于还是高于固体对。分析工作和透射电子显微镜成像将有助于理解支撑观察到的任何差异的机制。这些实验还将被用来提取熔体-晶体分配系数。(Ii)将利用一项独特的、长达29年的自然实验(缓慢冷却的熔岩湖)来测试扩散计时技术。将对1959-1988年收集的一系列钻芯样品中的橄榄石进行分析,以研究橄榄石种群中元素的成分均一化,并使用已知温度历史的样品来测试扩散计时法的详细元素剖面。这个项目的主要主题是实验,既有研究目的,也有教育目的。在该项目期间,将建立一个“规模地球实验室”,允许学生参与科学推理过程,从设计到进行实验,收集和解释数据,以及与自然系统建立联系。这个实验室将用于所有级别的本科生体验,并将在参与的研究生的帮助下构建一门新的入门课程。该实验室的流动部分将被带到高中,受益于现有的资助外展努力(EPIK)。我们将举办“科学星期六”活动,邀请高中生和他们的老师参观实验和分析设施。重点将放在提供分级指导结构上,在这种结构中,PI、毕业生和本科生都为学生提供建议。每个人都将接受关于如何进行现场调查的培训,并通过增加多样性和促进公平获得STEM研究来敏锐地认识到加强我们机构的必要性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(9)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Cation diffusion in magmatic olivine and the ‘melt problem’
岩浆橄榄石中的阳离子扩散和“熔融问题”
- DOI:10.46427/gold2022.12385
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Shea, Tom;Ruth, Dawn
- 通讯作者:Ruth, Dawn
The presence of silicate melt may enhance rates of cation diffusion in olivine
- DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118370
- 发表时间:2023-09-27
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.3
- 作者:Shea,Thomas;Ruth,Dawn;Bradley,John
- 通讯作者:Bradley,John
The 1959-1988 Kīlauea Iki Lava Lake as a Long-term Natural Experiment to Investigate Olivine Re-equilibration in Basalt
1959-1988 年的凯劳亚伊基熔岩湖作为研究玄武岩中橄榄石再平衡的长期自然实验
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2023
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Nizam, Nabila;Shea, Thomas;Helz, Rosalind;Lynn, Kendra
- 通讯作者:Lynn, Kendra
Gelling diffusion and the classroom: teaching diffusion chronometry with gelatin
凝胶扩散和课堂:用明胶教授扩散计时法
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2023
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:deGraffenried, Rebecca;Dias, Maria;Sobolewski, Linda;Tonato, Andrea;Nelson, William;Nizam, Nabila;Shea, Thomas
- 通讯作者:Shea, Thomas
The Kīlauea Iki lava lake: a 30-year long diffusion experiment to study the re-equilibration of olivine in natural basalt
Kä«lauea Iki 熔岩湖:为期 30 年的扩散实验,研究天然玄武岩中橄榄石的重新平衡
- DOI:10.46427/gold2022.11435
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Nizam, Nabila;Shea, Tom;Helz, Rosalind
- 通讯作者:Helz, Rosalind
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Thomas Shea其他文献
The potential for qualitative triangulation to mitigate investigative negligence
定性三角测量减少调查疏忽的潜力
- DOI:
10.1080/15614263.2021.1915786 - 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.8
- 作者:
Thomas Shea - 通讯作者:
Thomas Shea
Remobilization of century-old magmas during the 2018 basaltic caldera-forming eruption at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i)
- DOI:
10.1007/s00410-025-02204-w - 发表时间:
2025-01-31 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.700
- 作者:
Adrien J. Mourey;Euan J. F. Mutch;Thomas Shea - 通讯作者:
Thomas Shea
A low-cost interface for multi-electrode array data acquisition systems.
用于多电极阵列数据采集系统的低成本接口。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2008 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.7
- 作者:
Michael Serra;Amy Chan;Maya Dubey;Vladimir Gilman;Thomas Shea - 通讯作者:
Thomas Shea
Indo-U.S. collaborative studies on biocatalytic generation of novel molecular architectures
印度-美国
- DOI:
10.1351/pac200577010201 - 发表时间:
2005 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.8
- 作者:
A. Watterson;V. Parmar;R. Kumar;Sunil K. Sharma;N. A. Shakil;R. Tyagi;Ajendra K. Sharma;L. Samuelson;J. Kumar;R. Nicolosi;Thomas Shea - 通讯作者:
Thomas Shea
Re-evaluating the diffusivity of phosphorus in olivine: Implications of low diffusive mobility for thermochronology
- DOI:
10.1016/j.gca.2024.08.025 - 发表时间:
2024-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
William Nelson;Julia Hammer;Thomas Shea - 通讯作者:
Thomas Shea
Thomas Shea的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Thomas Shea', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Size, depth and longevity of magma reservoirs under Kilauea's rift zones: Integrating melt inclusion data and thermal modeling
合作研究:基拉韦厄裂谷带下岩浆储层的大小、深度和寿命:整合熔体包裹体数据和热模拟
- 批准号:
2020045 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Experimental Investigation of Chemical Zoning in Olivine: Applications to Hawaiian Basalt
橄榄石化学分区的实验研究:在夏威夷玄武岩中的应用
- 批准号:
1725321 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Pursuing the Nucleus: Experimental, Theoretical, and Analytical Investigations of Bubble and Crystal Formation in Magma
追寻原子核:岩浆中气泡和晶体形成的实验、理论和分析研究
- 批准号:
1321890 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Analyses of Volatiles in Volcanic Glasses: Bridging the Gap between the Macroscopic and the Micron Scale
火山玻璃中的挥发物分析:弥合宏观和微米尺度之间的差距
- 批准号:
1250366 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
How Does Phosphorylation Regulate Neurofilament Transport?
磷酸化如何调节神经丝运输?
- 批准号:
0918861 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
SGER: Does Re-expression of Vimentin Induce Resumption of Axonal Elongation?
SGER:波形蛋白的重新表达是否会诱导轴突伸长的恢复?
- 批准号:
0331066 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
A Digitial Confocal Microscope and Image Analysis System for Cell Biology
用于细胞生物学的数字共焦显微镜和图像分析系统
- 批准号:
0140676 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Regulation of Axonal Neurofilament Dynamics by Phosphorylation
通过磷酸化调节轴突神经丝动力学
- 批准号:
0217838 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Axnoal Transport and Cytoskeletal Incorporation of Neurofilaments
神经丝的轴运输和细胞骨架掺入
- 批准号:
9905123 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing grant
Axonal Transport and Cytoskeletal Incorporation of Neurofilaments
神经丝的轴突运输和细胞骨架掺入
- 批准号:
9809878 - 财政年份:1998
- 资助金额:
$ 55.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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