CAREER: Integrated Gravitational Wave and Multimessenger Astronomy and Education

职业：综合引力波和多信使天文学和教育

• 批准号: 2047597
• 负责人: Ryan Fisher
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Christopher Newport University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2047597&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Integrated; Gravitational; Wave; Multimessenger

This award supports research in gravitational wave science and it addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. Starting with the initial detection of gravitational waves (GW) from a binary black hole merger by The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the French-Italian Virgo detector, and continuing with the first detection of GWs from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 170817A, the era of true GW multimessenger astronomy has begun. The electromagnetic follow-up campaign of this event discovered associated afterglows across the electromagnetic spectrum, and has had a significant impact on the understanding of the progenitors of short GRBs, kilonovae, and the interior state of neutron stars. This award supports an integrated research and education plan focusing on the continued search for GWs associated with extreme energy astronomical events, including GRBs and fast radio bursts (FRB), over the period when the worldwide GW detector network will expand from 3 to 5 detectors, and their sensitive range will increase significantly. This expansion of capabilities will greatly increase the capability of GW astronomy to probe deeply into the sources of these events and uncover the details of their creation. The award supports both undergraduate and master's student researchers in conducting these searches, continuing analysis of detector and search performance, and engaging the Hampton Roads, VA community through four annual outreach events held at the local Virginia Living Museum. These outreach events will be tied to an existing free skygazing program and provide an opportunity for hundreds of members of the local community to learn about multimessenger astronomy in an engaging, active learning setting with both hands-on demonstrations and a combination lecture-demonstration show. The award supports the development of a diverse, globally competitive STEM workforce through the engagement of students of all ages at these events and the training of undergraduate and master’s students to become competent scientific researchers able to conduct research at the internationally recognized level as the next generation of gravitational-wave astronomers.As was demonstrated with the multi-messenger observations of GW170817, combined detections of GWs with electromagnetic detections have significantly advanced the understanding of the astrophysics of high-energy events. Additional detections of GWs associated with GRBs in the fourth and fifth observing runs of LIGO, Virgo, Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA), and LIGO-India data will enable the astrophysical properties of neutron stars and the full electromagnetic emission model for binary neutron star merger sources to be far better constrained. Any detection of a GW associated with a FRB would result in a significant increase in the understanding of the astrophysical origin of these mysterious events. FRB progenitor models are very poorly constrained, and the recent observation of an FRB associated with magnetar SGR 1935+2154 have pointed to a potential for multiple populations. If no coincident detections are made in this search, it will better constrain models of the FRB progenitors. Finally, improved sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers through continued detector characterization efforts will directly result in an increased number of GWs detected. The award supports both prompt and higher latency, deeper searches for GWs associated with GRBs using the PyGRB data analysis pipeline, which conducts coherent, matched-filter searches that extend the effective sensitivity of the GW detection network. Prompt searches will allow detected GWs to be announced to the astronomical community for immediate follow-up. The award also supports both template-based searches and unmodeled searches for GWs associated with FRBs, and leadership of the effort to characterize the noise in the LIGO interferometers that impacts the GRB and FRB searches, with the particular focus on improving search sensitivity and assessing the validity of the GW detections. The integration of the methods and results of this research into a campaign of four annual outreach events to be held at the local Virginia Living Museum will not only increase public scientific literacy and public engagement with science and technology, but will also instill the importance of engaging the public in the participating research students. Through training students and public engagement in a diverse city, this work also broadens the participation of women and underrepresented minorities in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持引力波科学研究，并涉及美国国家科学基金会“宇宙之窗”大构想的优先领域。从先进激光干涉仪引力波天文台 (LIGO) 和法国-意大利室女座探测器对双黑洞合并产生的引力波 (GW) 进行初步检测开始，并继续从双中子星合并中首次检测到引力波 (GW)，GW170817 与伽马射线暴 (GRB)、GRB 170817A 相关，真正的引力波时代 多信使天文学已经开始。该事件的电磁后续活动发现了整个电磁波谱中的相关余辉，并对短伽马暴的前身、千新星和中子星内部状态的理解产生了重大影响。该奖项支持一项综合研究和教育计划，重点是继续寻找与极端能量天文事件相关的引力波，包括伽玛暴和快速射电暴（FRB），在此期间，全球引力波探测器网络将从3个扩展到5个探测器，其敏感范围将显着增加。 这种能力的扩展将极大地提高引力波天文学深入探究这些事件的来源并揭示其产生细节的能力。 该奖项支持本科生和硕士生研究人员进行这些搜索，持续分析探测器和搜索性能，并通过在当地弗吉尼亚生活博物馆举办的四次年度外展活动吸引弗吉尼亚州汉普顿路社区的参与。 这些外展活动将与现有的免费观天计划联系在一起，并为当地社区的数百名成员提供一个机会，让他们在一个引人入胜、主动的学习环境中了解多信使天文学，包括动手演示和讲座与演示相结合的表演。 该奖项通过让各个年龄段的学生参与这些活动，并培训本科生和硕士生成为有能力的科学研究人员，作为下一代引力波天文学家，能够在国际公认的水平上进行研究，从而支持培养多元化的、具有全球竞争力的 STEM 劳动力队伍。正如 GW170817 的多信使观测所证明的那样，将引力波探测与电磁波相结合 探测极大地增进了对高能事件天体物理学的理解。在 LIGO、Virgo、Kamioka 引力波探测器 (KAGRA) 和 LIGO-India 数据的第四次和第五次观测运行中对与伽玛暴相关的引力波的额外探测将使中子星的天体物理特性和双中子星合并源的完整电磁发射模型得到更好的约束。任何与快速射电暴相关的引力波的探测都会显着增加人们对这些神秘事件的天体物理起源的理解。 FRB 祖先模型的约束非常差，最近对与磁星 SGR 1935+2154 相关的 FRB 的观察表明存在多个种群的潜力。 如果在此搜索中没有进行一致的检测，它将更好地约束 FRB 祖先的模型。最后，通过持续的探测器表征工作提高 LIGO 干涉仪的灵敏度将直接导致探测到的引力波数量增加。 该奖项支持使用 PyGRB 数据分析管道对与伽玛暴相关的引力波进行快速、更高延迟、更深入的搜索，该管道进行连贯、匹配过滤器搜索，从而扩展了引力波检测网络的有效灵敏度。及时搜索将允许向天文学界宣布检测到的引力波，以便立即采取后续行动。该奖项还支持对与 FRB 相关的引力波进行基于模板的搜索和未建模搜索，并支持领导研究影响 GRB 和 FRB 搜索的 LIGO 干涉仪中的噪声特征，特别注重提高搜索灵敏度和评估引力波检测的有效性。 将这项研究的方法和结果纳入在当地弗吉尼亚生活博物馆举办的四次年度外展活动中，不仅将提高公众的科学素养和公众对科学技术的参与，而且还将向公众灌输参与研究学生的重要性。通过在多元化城市中培训学生和公众参与，这项工作还扩大了女性和代表性不足的少数群体对科学的参与。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift during the LIGO–Virgo Run O3a

搜索与费米和斯威夫特在 LIGO–Virgo Run O3a 期间检测到的伽马射线爆发相关的引力波

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abee15
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.;Agathos, M.
• 通讯作者: Agathos, M.

Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift During the LIGO-Virgo Run O3b

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac532b
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;C. Berry;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;U. Bhardwaj;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Cameron;J. Camp;M. Canepa;S. Canevarolo;M. Cannavacciuolo;K. Cannon;H. Cao;Z. Cao;E. Capocasa;E. Capote;G. Carapella;F. Carbognani;J. Carlin;M. Carney;M. Carpinelli;G. Carrillo;G. Carullo;T. Carver;J. C. Diaz;C. Casentini;G. Castaldi;S. Caudill;M. Cavaglià;F. Cavalier;R. Cavalieri;M. Ceasar;G. Cella;P. Cerd'a-Dur'an;E. Cesarini;W. Chaibi;K. Chakravarti;S. Subrahmanya;E. Champion;C. Chan;C. Chan;C. Chan;K. Chan;M. Chan;K. Chandra;P. Chanial;S. Chao;P. Charlton;E. Chase;É. Chassande-Mottin;C. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;M. Chaturvedi;S. Chaty;K. Chatziioannou;C. Chen;H. Chen;J. Chen;K. Chen;X. Chen;Y. Chen;Y.-R. Chen;Z. Chen;H. Cheng;C. Cheong;H. Cheung;H. Chia;F. Chiadini;C. Chiang;G. Chiarini;R. Chierici;A. Chincarini;M. Chiofalo;A. Chiummo;G. Cho;H. Cho;Rupesh Kumar Choudhary;S. Choudhary;N. Christensen;H. Chu;Q. Chu;Y. Chu;S. Chua;K. Chung;G. Ciani;P. Ciecieląg;M. Cie'slar;M. Cifaldi;A. Ciobanu;R. Ciolfi;F. Cipriano;A. Cirone;F. Clara;E. Clark;J. Clark;L. Clarke;P. Clearwater;S. Clesse;F. Cleva;E. Coccia;E. Codazzo;P. Cohadon;D. Cohen;L. Cohen;M. Colleoni;C. Collette;A. Colombo;M. Colpi;C. Compton;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;I. Cordero-Carri'on;S. Corezzi;K. Corley;N. Cornish;D. Corre;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;R. Cotesta;M. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;B. Cousins;P. Couvares;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;A. Criswell;M. Croquette;S. Crowder;J. Cudell;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;R. Cummings;L. Cunningham;E. Cuoco;M. Curyło;P. Dabadie;T. D. Canton;S. Dall’Osso;G. D'alya;A. Dana;L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani;Beatrice D'Angelo;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;C. Darsow-Fromm;A. Dasgupta;L. Datrier;S. Datta;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;G. Davies;D. Davis;M. Davis;E. Daw;R. Dean;D. DeBra;M. Deenadayalan;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Del'eglise;V. D. Favero;F. D. Lillo;N. D. Lillo;W. D. Pozzo;L. DeMarchi;F. Matteis;V. D'Emilio;N. Demos;T. Dent;A. Depasse;R. Pietri;R. Rosa;C. D. Rossi;R. DeSalvo;R. D. Simone;S. Dhurandhar;M. D'iaz;M. Diaz-Ortiz;N. Didio;T. Dietrich;L. Fiore;C. D. Fronzo;C. Giorgio;F. D. Giovanni;M. Giovanni;T. D. Girolamo;A. Lieto;B. Ding;S. D. Pace;I. Palma;F. Renzo;A. K. Divakarla;A. Dmitriev;Z. Doctor;L. D’Onofrio;F. Donovan;K. Dooley;S. Doravari;I. Dorrington;M. Drago;J. Driggers;Y. Drori;J. Ducoin;P. Dupej;O. Durante;D. D’Urso;P. Duverne;S. Dwyer;C. Eassa;P. Easter;M. Ebersold;T. Eckhardt;G. Eddolls;B. Edelman;T. Edo;O. Edy;A. Effler;S. Eguchi;J. Eichholz;S. Eikenberry;M. Eisenmann;R. Eisenstein;A. Ejlli;E. Engelby;Y. Enomoto;L. Errico;R. Essick;H. Estell'es;D. Estevez;Z. Etienne;T. Etzel;M. Evans;T. Evans;B. Ewing;V. Fafone;H. Fair;S. Fairhurst;A. M. Farah;S. Farinon;B. Farr;W. Farr;N. Farrow;E. Fauchon-Jones;G. Favaro;Marc Favata;M. Fays;M. Fazio;J. Feicht;M. Fejer;E. Fenyvesi;D. Ferguson;Á. Fernández-Galiana;I. Ferrante;T. A. Ferreira;F. Fidecaro;P. Figura;I. Fiori;M. Fishbach;R. Fisher;R. Fittipaldi;V. Fiumara;R. Flaminio;E. Floden;H. Fong;J. Font;B. Fornal;P. Forsyth;A. Franke;S. Frasca;F. Frasconi;C. Frederick;J. Freed;Z. Frei;A. Freise;R. Frey;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;G. G. Fronz'e-G.;Y. Fujii;Y. Fujikawa;M. Fukunaga;M. Fukushima;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;H. Gabbard;B. Gadre;J. Gair;J. Gais;S. Galaudage;R. Gamba;D. Ganapathy;A. Ganguly;D. Gao;S. Gaonkar;B. Garaventa;C. Garc'ia-N'unez;C. Garc'ia-Quir'os;F. Garufi;B. Gateley;S. Gaudio;V. Gayathri;G. Ge;G. Gemme;A. Gennai;J. George;O. Gerberding;L. Gergely;P. Gewecke;S. Ghonge;A. Ghosh;A. Ghosh;Shaon Ghosh;Shrobana Ghosh;B. Giacomazzo;L. Giacoppo;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;D. Gibson;C. Gier;M. Giesler;P. Giri;F. Gissi;J. Glanzer;A. Gleckl;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;R. Goetz;N. Gohlke;B. Goncharov;G. Gonz'alez;A. Gopakumar;M. Gosselin;R. Gouaty;D. Gould;B. Grace;A. Grado;M. Granata;V. Granata;A. Grant;S. Gras;P. Grassia;C. Gray;R. Gray;G. Greco;A. Green;R. Green;A. Gretarsson;E. Gretarsson;D. Griffith;W. Griffiths;H. L. Griggs;G. Grignani;A. Grimaldi;S. Grimm;H. Grote;S. Grunewald;P. Gruning;D. Guerra;G. Guidi;A. R. Guimaraes;G. Guix'e;H. Gulati;H.-K. Guo;Y. Guo;Anchal Gupta;Anchal Gupta;P. Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;F. Guzmán;S. Ha;L. Haegel;A. Hagiwara;S. Haino;O. Halim;E. Hall;E. Hamilton;G. Hammond;W. Han;M. Haney;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;M. Hannam;O. Hannuksela;H. Hansen;T. Hansen;J. Hanson;T. Harder;T. Hardwick;K. Haris;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;D. Hartwig;K. Hasegawa;B. Haskell;R. Hasskew;C. Haster;K. Hattori;K. Haughian;H. Hayakawa;K. Hayama;F. Hayes;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;A. Heidt;M. Heintze;J. Heinze;J. Heinzel;H. Heitmann;F. Hellman;P. Hello;A. Helmling-Cornell;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;E. Hennes;J. Hennig;M. Hennig;A. Hernandez;F. Vivanco;M. Heurs;S. Hild;P. Hill;Y. Himemoto;A. Hines;Y. Hiranuma;N. Hirata;E. Hirose;S. Hochheim;D. Hofman;J. Hohmann;D. Holcomb;N. Holland;I. J. Hollows;Z. J. Holmes;K. Holt;D. Holz;Z. Hong;P. Hopkins;J. Hough;S. Hourihane;E. Howell;C. Hoy;D. Hoyland;A. Hreibi;B. Hsieh;Y. Hsu;G-Z. Huang;H. Huang;P. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;M. Hubner;A. Huddart;B. Hughey;D. Hui;V. Hui;S. Husa;S. Huttner;R. Huxford;T. Huynh--Dinh-T.-Huynh--Dinh-1381195806;S. Ide;B. Idzkowski;A. Iess;B. Ikenoue;S. Imam;K. Inayoshi;C. Ingram;Y. Inoue;K. Ioka;M. Isi;K. Isleif;K. Ito;Y. Itoh;B. Iyer;K. Izumi;V. JaberianHamedan;T. Jacqmin;S. Jadhav;S. Jadhav;A. James;A. Jan;K. Jani;J. Janquart;K. Janssens;N. Janthalur;P. Jaranowski;D. Jariwala;R. Jaume;A. Jenkins;K. Jenner;C. Jeon;M. Jeunon;W. Jia;H. Jin;G. Johns;A. Jones;D. Jones;J. Jones;P. Jones;R. Jones;R. Jonker;L. Ju;P. Jung;K. Jung;J. Junker;V. Juste;K. Kaihotsu;T. Kajita;M. Kakizaki;C. Kalaghatgi;V. Kalogera;B. Kamai;M. Kamiizumi;N. Kanda;S. Kandhasamy;G. Kang;J. Kanner;Y. Kao;S. Kapadia;D. Kapasi;S. Karat;C. Karathanasis;S. Karki;R. Kashyap;M. Kasprzack;W. Kastaun;S. Katsanevas;E. Katsavounidis;W. Katzman;T. Kaur;K. Kawabe;K. Kawaguchi;N. Kawai;T. Kawasaki;F. K'ef'elian;D. Keitel;J. Key;S. Khadka;F. Khalili;S. Khan;E. Khazanov;N. Khetan;M. Khursheed;N. Kijbunchoo;C. Kim;J. Kim;J. Kim;K. Kim;W. Kim;Y. Kim;C. Kimball;N. Kimura;M. Kinley-Hanlon;R. Kirchhoff;J. Kissel;N. Kita;H. Kitazawa;L. Kleybolte;S. Klimenko;A. Knee;T. Knowles;E. Knyazev;P. Koch;G. Koekoek;Y. Kojima;K. Kokeyama;S. Koley;P. Kolitsidou;M. Kolstein;K. Komori;V. Kondrashov;A. Kong;A. Kontos;N. Koper;M. Korobko;K. Kotake;M. Kovalam;D. Kozak;C. Kozakai;R. Kozu;V. Kringel;N. Krishnendu;A. Kr'olak;G. Kuehn;F. Kuei;P. Kuijer;A. Kumar;P. Kumar;Rahul Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;J. Kume;K. Kuns;C. Kuo;H. Kuo;Y. Kuromiya;S. Kuroyanagi;K. Kusayanagi;S. Kuwahara;K. Kwak;P. Lagabbe;D. Laghi;É. Lalande;T. Lam;A. Lamberts;M. Landry;B. Lane;R. Lang;J. Lange;B. Lantz;I. L. Rosa;A. Lartaux-Vollard;P. Lasky;M. Laxen;A. Lazzarini;C. Lazzaro;P. Leaci;S. Leavey;Y. Lecoeuche;H. Lee;H. Lee;H. W. Lee;J. Lee;K. Lee;Ray-Kuang Lee;J. Lehmann;A. Lemaitre;M. Leonardi;N. Leroy;N. Letendre;C. Lévesque;Y. Levin;J. Leviton;K. Leyde;A. Li;B. Li;J. Li;K. Li;T. G. F. Li;X. Li;C.Y. Lin;F. Lin;F. Lin;H. Lin;L. 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