The Volga Region as an indicator for language policy in the multinational Russia of today. Multilingualism in the area of tension between the Republics and the Federation

作为苏联的正式继承国，俄罗斯联邦(RF)在其宪法中将自己设想为一个多民族国家，其中适用双语和多语言原则。然而，自世纪之交以来，越来越多的措施开始生效，这些措施侧重于以(俄语)语言为基础的民族国家：例如，关于将西里尔字母作为所有国家语言的唯一字母的法律(2002年)、2007年的《教育法》(其中第7条废除了以前存在于联邦共和国法律中的区域和国家组成部分)、2009年实行了仅以俄语为基础的普通国家考试，以及实行了只针对俄语而不针对国家语言的联邦语言方案。这些措施是共和国和联邦一级之间有争议的讨论主题。本项目试图分析RFS最近关于非俄语民族语言的语言政策的这一方向的变化。此外，与对当代无线电语言的其他调查不同，该项目将把重点放在共和国作为联邦系统主要主体的视角上，以显示无线电语言政策的法律方面和现实情况。这一政策的试金石是伏尔加联邦区，它由六个共和国组成，涵盖了广泛的社会语言概况，因此人们可以从伏尔加联邦区得出关于RF其他共和国的结论。在方法上，该项目侧重于语言情境的类型学概念和语言意识形态的计算机语篇分析：将调查伏尔加共和国当前语言立法和方案的概念化和实施情况，调查它们与联邦语言政策的关系，通常是紧张的；对伏尔加共和国和联邦一级与语言有关的辩论进行的计算机语篇分析将使我们能够详细说明这个多民族国家处理多种语言问题的方式。为了对语言意识形态进行话语分析审查，将汇编一个计算机语料库，其中包括各共和国的语言方案、语言辩论和对语言政治行为者的访谈。然后，将使用为定性分析开发的软件和论证分析方法对此进行分析和评估。拟议的项目将与伏尔加地区的伙伴密切合作，在此背景下，它将寻求阐明一个多民族国家的语言政策，作为欧洲委员会的成员，该国家负责保护文化和语言多样性。

As the official successor state to the USSR, the Russian Federation (RF) conceives of itself in its constitution as a multiethnic state, in which the principles of bi- and multilingualism apply. However, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of measures have entered into effect which are focussed on a (Russian) language-based nation state: e.g. the law regarding the Cyrillic alphabet as the sole alphabet for all state languages (2002), the Education Act of 2007 (Art. 7 of which abolished the regional and national components which had previously been anchored in the laws of the constituent Republics of the RF), the introduction of common state examinations, in the Russian language only, in 2009 and the introduction of federal language programmes only for Russian, not for national languages. These measures are subjects of controversial discussions between the republics and the federal level. This project seeks to analyse this change of direction in the RFs recent language policy regarding the non-Russian national languages. Furthermore, and in contrast to other investigations into the contemporary RF, the project will focus its attention upon the perspective of the Republics as the main subjects in federal systems in order to show both the legal aspects and the reality of RF language policy. The touchstone for this policy is the Volga Federal District, which is made up of six Republics covering a broad spectrum of sociolinguistic profiles, and from which one can therefore draw conclusions about other Republics of the RF. Methodologically, the project focuses on typological conceptions of language situations and on a computer-based discourse analysis of language ideology: the conceptualisation and implementation of the current language legislation and programmes of the Volga Republics will be investigated in their relationship, often tense, to federal language policy; the computer-based discourse analysis of language-related debates both in the Volga Republic and at the federal level will allow us to detail the ways in which multilingualism is dealt with in the multinational state. For the discourse-analytical examination of language ideology, a computer corpus of language programmes, language debates and interviews with language-politics actors in the Republics will be compiled. This will then be analysed and assessed using both software developed for qualitative analysis, and methods of argumentation analysis. The fields of analysis will be the education sector, which shapes the next generation, and the mass media, which reaches large sectors of the population.The proposed project cooperates closely with partners in the Volga region, against the backdrop of which it will seek to illuminate the language policy of a multinational state which, as a member of the Council of Europe, is charged with the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity.