The Volga Region as an indicator for language policy in the multinational Russia of today. Multilingualism in the area of tension between the Republics and the Federation

伏尔加河地区是当今多民族俄罗斯语言政策的风向标。

• 批准号: 245893150
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Monika Wingender
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Slavistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245893150?language=en
• 关键词: Volga; Region; indicator; language; policy

As the official successor state to the USSR, the Russian Federation (RF) conceives of itself in its constitution as a multiethnic state, in which the principles of bi- and multilingualism apply. However, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of measures have entered into effect which are focussed on a (Russian) language-based nation state: e.g. the law regarding the Cyrillic alphabet as the sole alphabet for all state languages (2002), the Education Act of 2007 (Art. 7 of which abolished the regional and national components which had previously been anchored in the laws of the constituent Republics of the RF), the introduction of common state examinations, in the Russian language only, in 2009 and the introduction of federal language programmes only for Russian, not for national languages. These measures are subjects of controversial discussions between the republics and the federal level. This project seeks to analyse this change of direction in the RFs recent language policy regarding the non-Russian national languages. Furthermore, and in contrast to other investigations into the contemporary RF, the project will focus its attention upon the perspective of the Republics as the main subjects in federal systems in order to show both the legal aspects and the reality of RF language policy. The touchstone for this policy is the Volga Federal District, which is made up of six Republics covering a broad spectrum of sociolinguistic profiles, and from which one can therefore draw conclusions about other Republics of the RF. Methodologically, the project focuses on typological conceptions of language situations and on a computer-based discourse analysis of language ideology: the conceptualisation and implementation of the current language legislation and programmes of the Volga Republics will be investigated in their relationship, often tense, to federal language policy; the computer-based discourse analysis of language-related debates both in the Volga Republic and at the federal level will allow us to detail the ways in which multilingualism is dealt with in the multinational state. For the discourse-analytical examination of language ideology, a computer corpus of language programmes, language debates and interviews with language-politics actors in the Republics will be compiled. This will then be analysed and assessed using both software developed for qualitative analysis, and methods of argumentation analysis. The fields of analysis will be the education sector, which shapes the next generation, and the mass media, which reaches large sectors of the population.The proposed project cooperates closely with partners in the Volga region, against the backdrop of which it will seek to illuminate the language policy of a multinational state which, as a member of the Council of Europe, is charged with the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity.

作为苏联的正式继承国，俄罗斯联邦（RF）在其宪法中将自己视为一个多民族国家，适用双语和多语原则。然而，自世纪之交以来，越来越多的措施开始生效，这些措施的重点是建立一个以俄语为基础的民族国家：例如，关于将西里尔字母作为所有国家语言的唯一字母的法律（2002年），2007年的《教育法》（其中第7条废除了以前在联邦共和国各组成共和国法律中规定的地区和国家部分），2009年引入了仅以俄语进行的共同国家考试，并引入了仅针对俄语而不针对国家语言的联邦语言课程。这些措施是各共和国和联邦一级进行有争议的讨论的主题。本项目旨在分析俄罗斯联邦最近关于非俄罗斯民族语言的语言政策方向的变化。此外，与对当代RF的其他调查相反，该项目将把注意力集中在共和国作为联邦制度主要主体的观点上，以便显示RF语言政策的法律方面和现实。这项政策的试金石是伏尔加联邦区，它由六个共和国组成，涵盖了广泛的社会语言特征，因此人们可以从中得出关于俄罗斯联邦其他共和国的结论。在方法上，该项目侧重于语言情况的类型学概念和基于计算机的语言意识形态话语分析：将调查伏尔加共和国目前的语言立法和方案的概念化和执行情况，以及它们与联邦语言政策的关系，这些关系往往是紧张的；对伏尔加共和国和联邦层面的语言相关辩论进行基于计算机的话语分析，将使我们能够详细了解多民族国家处理多语言的方式。为了对语言意识形态进行话语分析研究，将编制一个语文节目、语文辩论和对各共和国语言政治行动者的访谈的计算机语料库。然后将使用为定性分析开发的软件和论证分析方法对其进行分析和评估。分析的领域将是塑造下一代的教育部门，以及影响大部分人口的大众媒体。拟议中的项目将与伏尔加地区的合作伙伴密切合作，在此背景下，它将寻求阐明一个多民族国家的语言政策，作为欧洲委员会的成员，它肩负着保护文化和语言多样性的责任。