Process-oriented Investigation of Double InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Biases in National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model (NCAR CESM)
国家大气研究中心社区地球系统模型 (NCAR CESM) 中双热带辐合带 (ITCZ) 偏差的面向过程调查
基本信息
- 批准号:2054697
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 68.04万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2021-07-15 至 2024-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a narrow band of deep convective clouds and heavy rain that extends across the tropical oceans just north of the equator. It gets its name from the convergence of the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, which promotes rising motions and cloud formation where the winds come together. An unfortunate feature of most climate models is that they generate a spurious secondary ITCZ, running parallel to the real ITCZ across the Pacific ocean just south of the equator. This "double-ITCZ" bias, which has been a persistent feature of model simulations for at least two decades, is generally ascribed to deficiencies in the representation of convective clouds. Convective clouds are too small to simulate explicitly on typical climate model grids and thus they have to be represented indirectly through parameterization schemes. Recently the Principal Investigators (PIs) of this project made improvements to the commonly used Zhang-McFarlane (ZM) convective parameterization scheme which substantially reduced the double-ITCZ bias in simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM, in particular CESM1). The goal of this project is to explain why these changes reduced the bias, and to indentify more generally the atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms through which inadequacies in the representation of convection lead to the formation of a secondary ITCZ.Fundamentally, deep convection occurs in response to the build-up of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in an atmospheric column, and the vertical exchange of thermal energy in cloud updrafts removes the CAPE and stabilizes the column to further vertical motions. But convective parameterizations which enforce this process too strictly tend to produce frequent and persistent weak convection instead of the more sporadic and intense convection seen in the real world. The revised ZM scheme replaces CAPE with dynamic CAPE (dCAPE), meaning CAPE generated above the planetary boundary layer (PBL, the lowest kilometer or two of the atmosphere which directly feels the effect of the surface). Physically, the use of dCAPE assumes that the CAPE generated in the PBL, in particular the CAPE generated by surface heating and evaporation, is largely consumed by shallow convection in the PBL and thus does not directly initiate deep convection. This formulation has been shown to produce a more realistic diurnal cycle of convection over land. Other changes to the ZM scheme involve the respresentation of cloud dynamics, in particular the representation of entrainment, meaning the mixing of moist air within clouds with the drier environmental air surrounding the cloud. It is not surprising that changes in entrainment can have substantial effects on simulated circulation and climate but the effects are difficult to anticipate and explain.A number of experiments are conducted to examine the effects of cloud changes on the double-ITCZ bias. Some involve looking at each change in parameterization separately to understand its contribution to ameliorating the bias. Others look at the effects of air-sea interactions in reducing the bias. Preliminary work shows that the simulated sea surface temperature (SST) in the region of the spurious ITCZ is relatively cold, which is counterintuitive since convection usually occurs over warmer SST. The PIs thus hypothesize that convection is promoted over the colder SSTs due to the non-local effect of even colder SSTs to the north, and model experiments with imposed SSTs and surface wind stress are performed to test this hypothesis.The ITCZ bias is a practical concern as well as a scientific problem, as the bias affects most models used to inform decision-making in the face of climate change. An understanding of how the properties of simulated convection contribute to the bias would also benefit the worldwide research community which depends on climate models as tools for understanding the climate system. Improvements to CESM have a direct benefit as it is the most widely used climate model in the world. In addition, the project supports a postdoctoral fellow, thereby developing the scientific workforce in this area. Summer internships for undergraduate are also provided through the project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
热带辐合带(ITCZ)是一条狭窄的深对流云和大雨带,横跨赤道以北的热带海洋。 它的名字来自于来自北方和南半球的信风的会聚,这促进了风聚集在一起的上升运动和云的形成。 大多数气候模型的一个不幸的特征是,它们产生了一个虚假的次级ITCZ,与赤道以南太平洋上的真实的ITCZ平行。 这种“双ITCZ”偏差,这已经是一个持续的模式模拟至少二十年的功能,通常归因于对流云的代表性不足。 对流云太小,无法在典型的气候模式网格上显式模拟,因此必须通过参数化方案间接表示。 最近,该项目的主要研究者(PI)对常用的张-麦克法兰(ZM)对流参数化方案进行了改进,大大减少了社区地球系统模式(CESM,特别是CESM 1)模拟中的双ITCZ偏差。 这个项目的目标是解释为什么这些变化减少了偏差,并更普遍地确定大气和海洋机制,通过这些机制,对流的代表性不足导致形成次级ITCZ。从根本上说,深对流发生在对大气柱中对流可用势能(CAPE)的积累的响应中,云上升气流中的热能垂直交换消除了CAPE,并使柱体稳定以进一步垂直运动。 但是对流参数化过于严格地执行这一过程往往会产生频繁和持续的弱对流,而不是真实的世界中看到的更零星和强烈的对流。 修正后的ZM方案用动态CAPE(dCAPE)取代了CAPE,这意味着CAPE产生于行星边界层(PBL,直接感受到地表影响的最低一两公里大气层)之上。 在物理上,dCAPE的使用假设在PBL中产生的CAPE,特别是由表面加热和蒸发产生的CAPE,主要由PBL中的浅对流消耗,因此不会直接引发深对流。 这个公式已被证明能产生一个更真实的陆地上空对流的日循环。 ZM方案的其他变化涉及云动力学的表示,特别是卷吸的表示,这意味着云内潮湿空气与云周围干燥环境空气的混合。卷吸的变化对模拟的环流和气候有显著的影响,但这种影响很难预测和解释。 有些涉及单独查看参数化中的每个变化,以了解其对改善偏差的贡献。 其他人则着眼于海气相互作用对减少偏差的影响。 初步工作表明,模拟的海表温度(SST)在该地区的假ITCZ是相对冷,这是违反直觉的,因为对流通常发生在温暖的SST。 因此,PI假设,对流是促进了较冷的SST,由于非本地的影响,甚至更冷的SST向北,和模式实验与强加的SST和地面风应力进行测试这一hypothes.The ITCZ的偏见是一个实际问题,以及一个科学问题,因为偏见影响大多数模式用来告知决策在面对气候变化。 了解模拟对流的性质如何有助于偏差也将有利于依赖于气候模型作为理解气候系统的工具的全球研究界。 CESM的改进有直接的好处,因为它是世界上使用最广泛的气候模型。 此外,该项目还支持一名博士后研究员,从而发展这一领域的科学劳动力。 该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Assessing free tropospheric quasi-equilibrium for different GCM resolutions using a cloud-resolving model simulation of tropical convection
使用热带对流的云解析模型模拟评估不同 GCM 分辨率的自由对流层准平衡
- DOI:10.1007/s00382-022-06232-1
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:Wang, Xu;Zhang, Guang J.;Suhas, E.
- 通讯作者:Suhas, E.
Atmospheric Convection
- DOI:10.1080/07055900.2022.2082915
- 发表时间:2022-08-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.2
- 作者:Lin, Jialin;Qian, Taotao;Han, Jongil
- 通讯作者:Han, Jongil
Effects of Improved Simulation of Precipitation on Evapotranspiration and Its Partitioning Over Land
- DOI:10.1029/2021gl097353
- 发表时间:2022-02
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:Zeyu Cui;Yong Wang;Guang J. Zhang;Mengmiao Yang;Jane Liu;Linyi Wei
- 通讯作者:Zeyu Cui;Yong Wang;Guang J. Zhang;Mengmiao Yang;Jane Liu;Linyi Wei
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Guang Zhang其他文献
Regularized Scatter Measure for Linear Feature Extraction
用于线性特征提取的正则化散点测量
- DOI:
10.1109/icicic.2007.474 - 发表时间:
2007 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Weixiang Liu;Kehong Yuan;Guang Zhang;Shaowei Jia;Ping Xiao - 通讯作者:
Ping Xiao
Water harvesting from soils by light-to-heat induced evaporation and capillary water migration
通过光热诱导蒸发和毛细管水迁移从土壤中收集水
- DOI:
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115417 - 发表时间:
2019-11 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.4
- 作者:
Xiaotian Li;Guang Zhang;Chao Wang;Lichen He;Yantong Xu;Rong Ma;Wei Yao - 通讯作者:
Wei Yao
The non‑canonical functions of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene GlTert on regulating fungal growth, oxidative stress, and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
端粒酶逆转录酶基因GlTert调节灵芝真菌生长、氧化应激和灵芝酸生物合成的非经典功能
- DOI:
10.1007/s00253-021-11564-9 - 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:5
- 作者:
Guang Zhang;Chaohui Zhang;Doudou Leng;Peng Yan;Zhenhe Wang;Mingxia Zhang;Zhongwei Wu - 通讯作者:
Zhongwei Wu
Characteristics of cavitation evolution through a butterfly valve under transient regulation
瞬态调节下蝶阀空化演化特征
- DOI:
10.1063/5.0137019 - 发表时间:
2023-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:
Guang Zhang;Wei Wei Wang;Hao tian Zhang;Heuy-Dong Kim;Zhe Lin - 通讯作者:
Zhe Lin
Study on drug powder acceleration in a micro shock tube
微激波管内药粉加速研究
- DOI:
10.1007/s12206-016-0813-2 - 发表时间:
2015 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.6
- 作者:
Guang Zhang;Ying;T. Setoguchi;H. Kim - 通讯作者:
H. Kim
Guang Zhang的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Guang Zhang', 18)}}的其他基金
Evaluating Convective Parameterization Schemes and Their Scale-awareness Using Simulated Convection in a Hierarchy of Models
使用模型层次结构中的模拟对流评估对流参数化方案及其尺度感知
- 批准号:
1549259 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Evaluating the Roles of Factors Critical to MJO Simulations Using the NCAR CAM3 with Deterministic and Stochastic Convection Parameterization Closures
协作研究:使用具有确定性和随机对流参数化闭包的 NCAR CAM3 评估 MJO 模拟的关键因素的作用
- 批准号:
1015964 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Understanding Climate Feedbacks and 3-D Global Warming Patterns in Global General Circulation Climate Models
合作研究:了解全球环流气候模型中的气候反馈和 3-D 全球变暖模式
- 批准号:
0832915 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Toward Eliminating the Double Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and Improving El Nino/Southern Oscillation Simulation in the NCAR Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
消除双热带辐合带并改进 NCAR 社区气候系统模型版本 3 (CCSM3) 中的厄尔尼诺/南方涛动模拟
- 批准号:
0601781 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Convection Parameterization and Climate Simulation in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model
国家大气研究中心 (NCAR) 社区气候系统模型中的对流参数化和气候模拟
- 批准号:
0204798 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Parameterization of Convective Momentum Transport Using Cloud Resolving and Single Column Models
使用云解析和单柱模型对对流动量传输进行参数化
- 批准号:
9911249 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Investigation of the Warm Pool Surface Heat Budget and Validation of Atmospheric GCMs using TOGA COARE Data
使用 TOGA COARE 数据研究暖池表面热量收支并验证大气 GCM
- 批准号:
9525800 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 68.04万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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