Iron Age landscapes on th estraits of Gibraltar: the territories of La Silla de Papa and Los Castillejos de Alcorrín (ninth to the first century BC)

这个项目的起点是由一个法国-西班牙团队和一个德国-西班牙团队对直布罗陀海峡北岸两个最大的铁器时代定居点进行的挖掘，它们相距40公里：塔里法（加的斯）的La Silla del Papa和马尼拉（马拉加）的Los Castillejos de Alcorrín。这两座山堡是在腓尼基人第一次在西部殖民定居时建立的，控制着一个沿海地区，同时又远离海岸。它们都引起了同样的问题：在一个高度分隔的地区的领土结构，关于海洋传统和防御关切之间的紧张关系，关于渔业资源开发和土地农牧利用之间的互补性。最后，它们都有混合社区，混合了腓尼基人和土著的成分。其目的是在更深入的环境中共同检查这些遗址的空间分析：栖息地的精确划分，领土标记（塔，葬礼纪念碑）的识别，墓地的位置，采石场的位置，古环境重建，与港口地点的联系的演示，农牧资源的评估，所需地形的大小的估计。换句话说，它需要超越考古遗址，了解它是如何融入特定地区的，一方面要考虑到自然环境的限制，另一方面要考虑到当地居民制定的策略，特别是与他们的起源有关的文化因素。这项工作将采用一种涉及地质考古学和空间考古学的方法，在各种尺度上，基于最先进的方法：通过无人机上的机载传感器获取空间数据，辅以使用地球物理方法和钻井序列获得的地下信息。该项目将以获得的知识为基础，以开发创新技术。因此，对于地形组件，选定的地点将作为使用无人机携带的热像仪和小型激光雷达的试验区；对于地质考古部分，为了巩固14C测年或在缺乏有机物的沉积层中补充后者，将采用OSL测年技术（由科隆发光实验室进行）。同样的研究方案将适用于两个研究领域。汇集两个伙伴在真正综合协作中开发的技术手段和方法将是这个项目的口号，该项目是根据两个协调员之间多年的联合项目经验制定的。这种协同作用是一个开创性项目成功的保证，这个项目在西班牙南部是前所未有的，不可能由任何一个合作伙伴独立发起。

This project has as its starting point the excavations carried out by a Franco-Spanish team and by a German-Spanish team on the two largest Iron Age settlements of the north side of the Strait of Gibraltar, separated by a distance of 40 km: La Silla del Papa in Tarifa (Cadiz) and Los Castillejos de Alcorrín in Manilva (Malaga). These two hill forts, established at the time of the first Phoenician colonial settlements in the West, controlled a coastal area while being set back from the coast themselves. They both give rise to the same questions about the structuring of territories in a highly compartmentalised area, about the tension between a maritime tradition and defensive concerns, about the complementarity between the exploitation of fishing resources and agro-pastoral uses of the land. Lastly, they both harboured hybrid communities, with a mixture of Phoenician and indigenous components.The aim is to jointly examine the spatial analysis of these sites in their environment in greater depth: precise demarcation of the habitat, identification of territorial markers (towers, funeral monuments), location of cemeteries, location of quarries, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, demonstration of links with a port site, assessment of agro-pastoral resources, estimation of the size of the terrain required. In other words, it involves going beyond the archaeological site to understand the way in which it is integrated into a specific area, taking into account, on the one hand, the constraints of the natural environment, and on the other hand the strategies developed by its inhabitants in terms, particularly, of cultural factors relating to their origins.This work will be carried out using an approach involving geoarchaeology and spatial archaeology, on various scales, based on the most advanced methods: acquisition of space data by onboard sensors on drones, complemented by subsurface information obtained using geophysical methods as well as drilling sequences. The project will rest on acquired knowledge in order to develop innovative technologies. Thus, for the topographical component, the selected sites will serve as a test area for the use of a thermal camera and a miniaturised LIDAR carried by a drone; and for the geoarchaeological component, in order to consolidate the dating performed by 14C or to complement the latter in sedimentary layers lacking in organic matter, the technique of OSL dating (carried out by the Cologne Luminescence Lab) will be employed.The same study protocols will be applied to the two study areas. The pooling of technical means and methodologies developed by the two partners in truly integrated collaboration will be the watchword of this project, which is based on many years of experience of joint projects between the two coordinators. This synergy is a guarantee for the success of a ground breaking project, unprecedented in southern Spain, that could not have been initiated independently by any of the two partners.