CNS Core: Small: Fast or Dynamic Websites? Eliminating the Need to Choose

为了支持不断发展的互联网服务，如社交网络，医疗保健和教育，网页越来越多地嵌入大量的动态和个性化的内容。然而，这样做使得先前用于确保低延迟页面加载的例程建议不足，例如，专注于静态内容的内容交付网络和缓存。因此，今天的开发人员面临着一个具有挑战性的权衡，既要提供丰富的动态内容，又要确保用户期望的快速页面加载，这两者都极大地影响了用户体验。建议的工作的目标是从整体上重新考虑如何执行页面加载，以解决这种紧张局势，而不牺牲页面的正确性或端到端的安全性。建议的工作的关键洞察力是避免优化的动态内容，无论是在客户端或服务器端的页面加载，而是追求优化，协同操作在两个位置。该项目涉及三个应用程序的这种方法，共同解决整个页面加载过程中与动态内容相关的延迟。首先，它开发了新颖的页面模板策略，以在页面加载开始时屏蔽动态内容获取的阻塞延迟（例如，HTML）。其次，它介绍了一套新的技术，用于加速执行JavaScript代码-内部加载动态性的主要来源-通过有效的和状态保持并行和计算重用。第三，它开发了新的页面服务架构，有效地生成动态内容接近客户端和最大限度地利用客户端的浏览器caches.The建议的研究旨在民主化的能力，以高性能的服务国家的最先进的网页，从而针对开发者生态系统的广泛切片。特别是，如今的小型内容提供商缺乏昂贵的基础设施，而大型内容提供商则利用这些基础设施来提供低延迟的动态内容;结果是牺牲了性能或功能，这两者在用户获取和保留方面都是一场艰苦的战斗。所提出的系统可以使用现有的Web基础设施来实现高性能（但负担得起）的动态内容。该项目还涉及外联工作，以吸引目前在计算机科学中代表性不足的学生。这些努力的关键是网络的相关性，它消除了术语障碍，让学生开发与他们日常使用的服务相似的服务，增加了兴趣。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

To support evolving Internet services such as social networking, healthcare, and education, web pages increasingly embed large amounts of dynamic and personalized content. However, doing so renders previously routine recommendations for ensuring low-latency page loads insufficient, e.g., content delivery networks and caches that focus on static content. As a result, developers today face a challenging trade-off between serving rich, dynamic content and ensuring the fast page loads that their users expect, both of which greatly affect user experience. The goal of the proposed work is to holistically rethink how page loads are executed in order to address this tension, without sacrificing page correctness or end-to-end security.The key insight underlying the proposed work is to eschew optimizations for dynamic content that are siloed at either the client- or server-end of page loads, and instead pursue optimizations that synergize operations at both locations. The project involves three applications of this approach that collectively address the delays associated with dynamic content throughout the page load process. First, it develops novel page template strategies to mask the blocking delays for dynamic content fetches at the start of page loads (e.g., HTML). Second, it introduces a suite of new techniques for accelerating the execution of JavaScript code -- the primary source of intra-load dynamism -- via efficient and state-preserving parallelism and computation reuse. Third, it develops new page serving architectures that efficiently generate dynamic content close to clients and maximize utility of the client’s browser cache.The proposed research aims to democratize the ability to serve state-of-the-art web pages with high performance, thereby targeting a wide slice of the developer ecosystem. In particular, small content providers today lack the expensive infrastructure that their larger counterparts leverage to serve dynamic content with low latency; the result is a sacrifice of either performance or functionality, both of which present an uphill battle in user acquisition and retention. The proposed systems can enable performant (but affordable) dynamic content using existing web infrastructure. The project also involves outreach efforts to attract students from populations currently under-represented in Computer Science. Key to these efforts is the relatability of the web, which eliminates the terminology barrier and lets students develop services similar to those that they use daily, increasing interest.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.