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Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award:Examination of Multiple Chronologies

博士论文改进奖：多年表审查

基本信息

批准号：
2106251
负责人：
Adam Smith
金额：
$ 2.51万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-06-01 至 2023-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2106251&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award Examination

项目摘要

Absolute time, or chronology, is fundamental to interpret the past. However, the disregard for how past societies actually experienced time results in a discrepancy between generalized models of socio-cultural change and the diverse experience of life’s rhythms, thus perpetuating the creation of dehumanized histories. How people organize around life’s rhythms, whether as members of a generation or as a society responding to broader environmental or socio-cultural challenges, profoundly impacts the decisions made in the present, thus shaping the course of actions in the long-term. Archaeology is well positioned to solve this tension between absolute and lived time by offering a long-term perspective on the unfolding of human experience. This project will undertake research that uses radiocarbon dating to investigate people’s lived experience of time in past communities.The project also speaks to a wider anthropological conversation regarding the understanding of time as a social construct and the artificial separation between society and “clock time”. The research includes broad scientific collaboration and encourages training in archaeological science among students and scholars.The project will investigate how to identify different dimensions of lived time from material remains, which will offer a new approach for archaeologists studying socio-cultural changes in the unwritten past. This archaeological study, covering a remarkable duration, offers an ideal opportunity to analyze how alternative lived rhythms contribute to socio-cultural stability in the long-term. Contrary to previous approaches, this work will interpret the radiocarbon-based chronology of sites by referring to real lifespans, such as those derived from age at death and generational distance observed in collective burials, thus humanizing the history of single sites. This humanization of chronology will also consider alterations in climatic stability, as demonstrated by previous studies, and the interruption of daily life as documented by layers of abandonment in site stratigraphies. Relevant samples suitable for high-resolution radiocarbon analysis will be collected from museum collections and ongoing excavations. In addition to producing a robust radiocarbon dataset, the project will ultimately enhance the possibilities of archaeological chronology and help close the gap between short-term and long-term perspectives.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

绝对时间，或称年表，是解释过去的基础。然而，无视过去社会实际上如何经历时间，导致社会文化变化的一般模式与生活节奏的不同体验之间的差异，从而使非人性化历史的创造永久化。人们如何围绕生活节奏组织起来，无论是作为一代人的成员，还是作为一个应对更广泛的环境或社会文化挑战的社会，都深刻影响着目前所做的决定，从而影响着长期的行动方针。考古学是很好的定位，以解决绝对时间和生活时间之间的这种紧张关系，通过提供一个长期的角度对人类经验的展开。该项目将利用放射性碳测年法研究过去社区中人们对时间的生活体验，并探讨更广泛的人类学对话，即把时间理解为一种社会结构，以及人为地将社会与“时钟时间”分开。该研究包括广泛的科学合作，并鼓励学生和学者进行考古学培训。该项目将研究如何从物质遗迹中识别生活时间的不同维度，这将为考古学家研究不成文的过去的社会文化变化提供一种新的方法。这项考古研究涵盖了一个显着的持续时间，提供了一个理想的机会来分析替代生活节奏如何有助于长期的社会文化稳定。与以前的方法相反，这项工作将通过参考真实的寿命来解释基于放射性碳的遗址年表，例如从死亡年龄和集体埋葬中观察到的代际距离中得出的寿命，从而使单个遗址的历史人性化。这种年表的人性化还将考虑气候稳定性的变化，如以前的研究所证明的那样，以及日常生活的中断，如遗址地层学中的废弃层所记录的那样。将从博物馆收藏品和正在进行的挖掘中收集适合高分辨率放射性碳分析的相关样品。除了产生一个强大的放射性碳数据集，该项目将最终提高考古年表的可能性，并有助于缩小短期和长期观点之间的差距。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。