Physics of Nanosecond-Pulsed Non-Thermal Plasma Generation in Liquid Nitrogen

液氮中纳秒脉冲非热等离子体产生的物理学

• 批准号: 2108117
• 负责人: Danil Dobrynin
• 金额: $ 41.84万
• 依托单位: Drexel University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108117&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physics; Nanosecond; Pulsed; Non; Thermal

This project will develop new understanding and models of plasmas in liquids. Plasmas are best known as ionized gases, but recently it was demonstrated that plasma phenomena can also occur in a liquid phase. In other words, liquids can also be ionized, just like gases, to create a plasma. Unique non-equilibrium properties of plasma in liquid medium, such as high densities of electrons, high energy light emission, and high electron energies within a low temperature liquid are associated with new opportunities that may have great impact in the fields of microelectronics, energy systems and novel materials. The focus of this study will be exploring the fundamental mechanisms of direct ionization of a dense liquid. This research will be among the first that develops a clear understanding and a physical model of liquid plasmas using a combination of targeted experiments and modeling. The project addresses a unique plasma regime in high (liquid) densities and non-equilibrium conditions provided by fast rising high voltage nanosecond pulses. Streamer discharges generated directly inside of the liquid phase, specifically in water, have been investigated by several research groups in the past few years. However, due to principal difficulties associated with spectroscopic characterization of these plasmas, no clear explanation of this phenomenon has been formulated to date. Cryogenic liquids to be used in this study will allow direct optical and spectroscopic measurements of local electric fields, densities, and temperatures during electrical breakdown of liquids. These measurements are expected to lead to developing a physical model of the process. Using experimental tools, two major hypotheses of fast breakdown in cryogenic liquids will be tested. These can be broadly described as direct ionization of a liquid and propagation of a cold “leader” (electrostriction-driven streamers) in a liquid. The combination of the obtained experimental data with analytical models and numerical simulations will make it possible to distinguish between the two hypotheses and improve our understanding of the non-thermal breakdown in liquids.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将发展对液体中等离子体的新理解和新模型。等离子体最为人所知的是电离气体，但最近的研究表明，等离子体现象也可以发生在液体中。换句话说，液体也可以电离，就像气体一样，产生等离子体。等离子体在液体介质中独特的非平衡性质，如高电子密度、高能光发射和低温液体中的高电子能量，为微电子、能源系统和新材料领域带来了新的机遇。这项研究的重点将是探索稠密液体直接电离的基本机制。这项研究将是第一批利用有针对性的实验和建模相结合的方法，建立液体等离子体的清晰认识和物理模型的研究之一。该项目解决了由快速上升的高压纳秒脉冲提供的高(液体)密度和非平衡条件下的一种独特的等离子体状态。在过去的几年里，几个研究小组已经对直接在液体中产生的流光放电进行了研究，特别是在水中。然而，由于与这些等离子体的光谱特征相关的主要困难，到目前为止还没有对这一现象的明确解释。这项研究中使用的低温液体将允许在液体电击穿过程中对局部电场、密度和温度进行直接的光学和光谱测量。预计这些测量将导致开发该过程的物理模型。利用实验工具，我们将检验低温液体中快速分解的两个主要假设。这些可以广泛地描述为液体的直接电离和冷“先导”(电致伸缩驱动的流光)在液体中的传播。将获得的实验数据与分析模型和数值模拟相结合，将有可能区分这两个假设，并提高我们对液体中非热击穿的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Effects of liquid properties on the development of nanosecond-pulsed plasma inside of liquid: comparison of water and liquid nitrogen

液体性质对液体内部纳秒脉冲等离子体发展的影响：水和液氮的比较

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad211f
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
• 作者: Song, Zhiheng;Fridman, Alexander;Dobrynin, Danil
• 通讯作者: Dobrynin, Danil