The Astrophysics of Near-Earth Supernova Explosions

近地超新星爆炸的天体物理学

• 批准号: 2108589
• 负责人: Brian Fields
• 金额: $ 35.4万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108589&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Astrophysics; Near; Earth; Supernova; Explosions

Supernova explosions play a central role in cosmology, astrophysics, and elementary particle physics. There is now solid experimental evidence of at least one supernova explosion within 300 light years of Earth within the last few million years, from measurements of the short-lived radioisotope iron-60 in widespread deep-ocean samples, as well as in the lunar regolith and in cosmic rays. This is the first established example of a specific dated astrophysical event outside the Solar System having a measurable impact on the Earth. A research group at the University of Illinois will interpret these data as they systematically develop the astrophysics of this new field. The implications span much of astrophysics and beyond, informing topics including local supernova and star formation rates, the nature and history of the local environment of the Sun, cosmic-ray astrophysics, and even paleontology and biological mass extinctions. The scientists are also dedicated to bringing their science to the public through multiple types of public outreach.The research will involve a theoretical study to (1) determine the allowed range of supernova distances and epochs, (2) study mass, nucleosynthesis, and dust formation properties of the supernovae, and (3) develop models for the propagation, evolution, and survival of charged supernova dust in a magnetized medium, in order to understand the observed duration of supernova debris fallout. The results will have implications for supernova explosion models, for supernova remnants, and for dust production in high-redshift galaxies. The outreach activities will include three efforts: (1) bringing astronomy and astrophysics to college-level students in a local state prison, using research to spark discussion and interest. (2) leveraging the April 8, 2024 solar eclipse as an opportunity to bring astronomy and astrophysics to the public and to illustrate how the cosmos intervenes in our lives in ways often imperceptible but sometimes dramatic, and (3) giving frequent public talks on campus and in schools, churches, and community groups.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

超新星爆炸在宇宙学、天体物理学和基本粒子物理学中扮演着核心角色。现在有确凿的实验证据表明，在过去的几百万年里，地球300光年内至少发生过一次超新星爆炸，这是通过对广泛存在的深海样品以及月球表层和宇宙射线中的短暂放射性同位素铁-60的测量得出的。这是太阳系以外的特定天体物理事件对地球产生可测量影响的第一个确定的例子。伊利诺伊大学的一个研究小组将在系统地发展这一新领域的天体物理学时对这些数据进行解释。它的含义跨越了天体物理学的许多领域，包括局部超新星和恒星形成速度、局部太阳环境的性质和历史、宇宙射线天体物理学，甚至古生物学和生物大灭绝。科学家们还致力于通过多种类型的公共活动向公众介绍他们的科学。研究将涉及一项理论研究，以(1)确定超新星距离和历元的允许范围，(2)研究超新星的质量、核合成和尘埃形成特性，以及(3)建立带电超新星尘埃在磁化介质中的传播、演化和生存模型，以了解观测到的超新星碎片落下的持续时间。这一结果将对超新星爆炸模型、超新星残骸以及高红移星系中的尘埃产生产生影响。外展活动将包括三项努力：(1)将天文学和天体物理学带给当地州立监狱的大学水平的学生，利用研究激发讨论和兴趣。(2)利用2024年4月8日的日食作为向公众介绍天文学和天体物理学的机会，并说明宇宙如何以通常难以察觉但有时具有戏剧性的方式介入我们的生活，以及(3)在校园、学校、教堂和社区团体中进行频繁的公开演讲。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Heliospheric Compression Due to Recent Nearby Supernova Explosions

最近附近超新星爆炸造成的日光层压缩

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac77f1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Miller, Jesse A.;Fields, Brian D.
• 通讯作者: Fields, Brian D.

X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial Biospheres

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc728
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Ian R. Brunton;Connor O'Mahoney;B. Fields;A. Melott;B. Thomas

Deep-Sea and Lunar Radioisotopes from Nearby Astrophysical Explosions

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011823-045541
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
• 影响因子: 12.4
• 作者: Brian D. Fields;Anton Wallner

Supernova Dust Evolution Probed by Deep-sea 60 Fe Time History

深海 60 Fe 时间史探测超新星尘埃演化

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb699
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Ertel, Adrienne F.;Fry, Brian J.;Fields, Brian D.;Ellis, John
• 通讯作者: Ellis, John

r-Process Radioisotopes from Near-Earth Supernovae and Kilonovae

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2d90
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Xilu Wang (王夕露);A. M. Clark;J. Ellis;Adrienne F. Ertel;B. Fields;Brian J. Fry;Zhenghai Liu;Jesse A. Miller;R. Surman