RUI: WoU-MMA: From Origin to Observation: Understanding Extragalactic Gamma-rays from Blazars

RUI：WoU-MMA：从起源到观测：了解来自耀变体的河外伽马射线

• 批准号: 2110974
• 负责人: Amy Furniss
• 金额: $ 29.33万
• 依托单位: California State University, East Bay Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110974&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; WoU; MMA; Origin; Observation

Blazars, one of the most extreme objects in the observed local Universe, occur when the jet emitted from a supermassive black hole is aligned in the general direction of the Earth. An anticipated astrophysical accelerator for cosmic rays at the highest energies, very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays are observed coincident with these objects and provide a means to study the underlying processes. This award supports scientists at the California State University - East Bay (CSUEB) to utilize observations of VHE gamma-rays with the VERITAS telescope, located south of Tucson, Arizona, to study the behavior of the most energetic galaxies within the local Universe. The program provides the opportunity for hands-on experience in leading particle astrophysics research for undergraduates at CSUEB. Using gamma-ray observations of extremely energetic galaxies, the students will study the different processes that can occur to high energy photons as they travel from the galaxy to the Earth and apply what they learn to the large-scale structure of the Universe between Earth and the energetic galaxy. Relatedly, the program will advance target-of-opportunity real-time follow-ups of astrophysical events of interest for current and future VHE gamma-ray observatories. Very high energy photons and ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays (Energy 1 PeV) ejected by a blazar have the potential to initiate a cascade process as they traverse the extragalactic distance from source to observer. Due to these interactions, the observed gamma-ray flux is not strictly that which is emitted at the source. Instead, the observed flux may be a combination of the absorbed intrinsic gamma-ray flux (primary emission) and the up-scattered gamma-rays that result from the cascade process along the extragalactic path (secondary emission). The portion of the gamma-ray flux resulting from cascade emission which continues to travel along the original line of sight depends on the magnitude of the intergalactic magnetic field. The proposed astrophysical mechanisms for generating large-scale magnetic fields predict little magnetic flux inside regions of lower integrated mass density, also known as voids. Studying the location of gamma-ray emitting galaxies with respect to cosmic voids can provide insight on the strength of the magnetic field inside of voids. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Blazar是观测到的局部宇宙中最极端的天体之一，当从超大质量黑洞发射的喷流与地球的总体方向对齐时，就会发生blazar。一种预期的宇宙射线天体物理加速器，在最高能量的宇宙射线，非常高能(VHE)伽马射线被观测到与这些物体一致，并提供了一种手段，以研究潜在的过程。该奖项支持加州州立大学东湾分校(CSUEB)的科学家利用位于亚利桑那州图森市南部的Veritas望远镜对VHE伽马射线的观测，来研究当地宇宙中最高能量星系的行为。该项目为CSUEB的本科生提供了在领导粒子天体物理研究方面的实践经验。利用对极高能量星系的伽马射线观测，学生们将研究高能光子从银河系旅行到地球时可能发生的不同过程，并将他们所学到的知识应用于地球和高能星系之间的宇宙的大尺度结构。与之相关的是，该计划将推进对当前和未来VHE伽马射线天文台感兴趣的天体物理事件的机会目标实时跟踪。由blazar喷出的超高能光子和超高能宇宙射线(能量为1pev)在穿过从源到观测者的银河系外距离时，有可能引发级联过程。由于这些相互作用，观测到的伽马射线通量并不是严格意义上的源辐射。相反，观测到的通量可能是吸收的本征伽马射线通量(初级发射)和沿银河系外路径的级联过程产生的上散射伽马射线(次级发射)的组合。由继续沿原视线行进的级联发射产生的伽马射线通量部分取决于星系间磁场的大小。所提出的产生大规模磁场的天体物理机制预测，在积分质量密度较低的区域内几乎没有磁通量，也就是所谓的空洞。研究发射伽马射线的星系相对于宇宙空洞的位置可以提供对空洞内部磁场强度的洞察。这个项目推进了NSF宇宙大理想之窗的目标。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

VERITAS Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from S3 1227+25 and Multiwavelength Observations

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acd2d0
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Acharyya;C. Adams;A. Archer;P. Bangale;W. Benbow;A. Brill;J. Christiansen;A. Chromey;M. Errando;A. Falcone;Q. Feng;J. Finley;G. Foote;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;G. Gallagher;W. Hanlon;D. Hanna;O. Hervet;C. Hinrichs;J. Hoang;J. Holder;Weidong Jin;Madalyn Johnson;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;T. Kleiner;N. Korzoun;F. Krennrich;Mark Lang;Matt Lundy;G. Maier;Conor McGrath;M. Millard;J. Millis;Connor Mooney;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;S. O’Brien;R. Ong;M. Pohl;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;Paul Reynolds;D. Ribeiro;E. Roache;I. Sadeh;A. Sadun;L. Saha;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;R. Shang;M. Splettstoesser;A. Talluri;J. Tucci;V. Vassiliev;David Williams;S. Wong;T. Hovatta;S. Jorstad;S. Kiehlmann;A. Lahteenmaki;I. Liodakis;A. Marscher;W. Max-Moerbeck;A. Readhead;R. Reeves;Paul S. Smith;M. Tornikoski

Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst

2018 年爆发期间 MAXI J1820 070 的伽马射线观测

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2686
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Abe, H;Abe, S;Acciari, V A;Aniello, T;Ansoldi, S;Antonelli, L A;Arbet Engels, A;Arcaro, C;Artero, M;Asano, K
• 通讯作者: Asano, K

An Archival Search for Neutron-star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-high-energy Gamma Rays

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0623
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Adams;W. Benbow;A. Brill;J. Buckley;M. Capasso;J. Christiansen;A. Chromey;M. Daniel;M. Errando;A. Falcone;K. A. Farrell;Q. Feng;J. Finley;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;A. Gent;C. Giuri;D. Hanna;T. Hassan;O. Hervet;J. Holder;G. Hughes;T. Humensky;W. Jin;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;S. Kumar;M. Lang;M. Lundy;G. Maier;C. McGrath;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;M. Nievas-Rosillo;S. O’Brien;R. Ong;A. Otte;N. Park;S. Patel;K. Pfrang;M. Pohl;R. Prado;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;P. Reynolds;D. Ribeiro;E. Roache;J. Ryan;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;R. Shang;A. Weinstein;D. Williams;T. Williamson;I. Bartos;K. Corley;S. M'arka;Z. Márka;D. Veske

Search for Ultraheavy Dark Matter from Observations of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with VERITAS

通过 VERITAS 对矮球状星系的观测寻找超重暗物质

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acbc7b
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Acharyya, A.;Archer, A.;Bangale, P.;Bartkoske, J. T.;Batista, P.;Baumgart, M.;Benbow, W.;Buckley, J. H.;Falcone, A.;Feng, Q.
• 通讯作者: Feng, Q.

A Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Pulsar Tails by VERITAS

VERITAS 搜索脉冲星尾部的 TeV 伽马射线发射

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac05b9
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Benbow, W.;Brill, A.;Buckley, J. H.;Capasso, M.;Chromey, A. J.;Errando, M.;Falcone, A.;Farrell, K. A;Feng, Q.;Finley, J. P.
• 通讯作者: Finley, J. P.