A Program of Medium Energy Nuclear Physics

中能核物理项目

• 批准号: 2111046
• 负责人: Douglas Beck
• 金额: $ 639万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2111046&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Program; Medium; Energy; Nuclear; Physics

It is now a well-established fact that nucleons, protons and neutrons—particles that make up the vast majority of the visible matter in the Universe—are made up of more elementary particles called quarks. The main physics program supported by this award is to measure how quarks are distributed in nucleons. In this quark form of matter, energy and mass are traded back and forth on short timescales according to the famous E = mc2. The four faculty members supported by this award and their group of early career scientists will conduct and lead experiments that will help us to understand essential features of quark matter: What is the role of anti-matter in the nucleon? What happens when the temperature inside a nucleon is increased to a high value? Does the motion of the quarks inside the nucleon look the same as one moves forward or backward in time? The goal of these experiments is to compare with theoretical predictions from the so-called Standard Model of Particle Physics, both to better understand it, as well as to look for signs of new phenomena that are not described by it. These research efforts will contribute to the education of postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduates in a broad array of skills needed in the advanced high-tech workforce. The program also includes a number of outreach activities: summer programs for undergraduates from smaller institutions, leadership of a program for local high school students from underrepresented groups, along with a program of weekly public presentations, a public course in energy and sustainability and a popular website exploring the physics of baseball.The prevailing theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics or QCD, is a generalization of the highly successful QED, yet we are hard-pressed to provide truly QCD-based quantitative or intuitive descriptions of nucleon structure. This project will focus on investigating key properties of the proton, targeting the poorly measured sea quarks and the unknown orbital motion of the quarks. The strong force also played a role at the beginning of time. In the early stages of the big bang, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) existed for an instant, before the strong force confined the quarks into bound states. This fleeting state of matter has been recreated in the laboratory and found to possess extraordinary properties, such as a viscosity so low that it may be at its theoretical minimum. This award enables continued study of the QGP’s properties using fully reconstructed jets at ATLAS and correlations in small collision systems at sPHENIX. This QCD research will comprise four experiments: SeaQuest at Fermilab, COMPASS-II and ATLAS at CERN as well as, in the near future, sPHENIX at Brookhaven. This award also supports a search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron, a CP-violating quantity. The nEDM experiment aims at a 100-fold improvement over the present upper limit of the EDM set by previous experiments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

现在一个公认的事实是，构成宇宙中绝大多数可见物质的核子、质子和中子是由更基本的夸克粒子组成的。该奖项支持的主要物理项目是测量夸克在核子中的分布。在这种夸克形式的物质中，根据著名的E = mc2，能量和质量在短时间尺度上来回交换。该奖项支持的四名教师和他们的早期职业科学家团队将进行和领导实验，帮助我们了解夸克物质的基本特征：反物质在核子中的作用是什么？当核子内部的温度升高到很高时会发生什么？在时间上向前或向后移动时，核子内部夸克的运动看起来是一样的吗？这些实验的目的是与所谓的粒子物理标准模型的理论预测进行比较，以便更好地理解它，同时寻找没有被它描述的新现象的迹象。这些研究工作将有助于培养博士后、研究生和本科生，使他们掌握先进高科技劳动力所需的广泛技能。该项目还包括一些外展活动：面向小型机构本科生的暑期项目，为来自代表性不足群体的当地高中生提供的一个项目的领导，以及每周公开演讲的项目，一个关于能源和可持续发展的公共课程，以及一个探索棒球物理学的热门网站。流行的强作用力理论，量子色动力学（QCD），是对非常成功的QED的推广，然而我们很难提供真正基于量子色动力学的定量或直观的核子结构描述。该项目将重点研究质子的关键特性，针对测量不足的海夸克和未知的夸克轨道运动。强大的力量在时间之初也发挥了作用。在大爆炸的早期阶段，夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）在强作用力将夸克限制在束缚态之前存在了瞬间。物质的这种短暂状态在实验室中被重现，并被发现具有非凡的特性，比如粘度极低，可能处于理论最小值。该合同允许使用ATLAS的完全重建射流和sPHENIX的小型碰撞系统中的相关性来继续研究QGP的特性。这项QCD研究将包括四个实验：费米实验室的SeaQuest，欧洲核子研究中心的COMPASS-II和ATLAS，以及在不久的将来，布鲁克海文的sPHENIX。该奖项还支持对中子的永久电偶极矩（EDM）的研究，这是一个违反cp的量。nEDM实验的目标是在先前实验设定的电火花加工上限的基础上提高100倍。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Measurement of R=σL/σT and the separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions in the nucleon-resonance region

R=ÏL/ÏT 的测量以及核子共振区域中分离的纵向和横向结构函数

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.105.065205
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Liang, Y.;Tvaskis, V.;Christy, M. E.;Ahmidouch, A.;Armstrong, C. S.;Arrington, J.;Asaturyan, R.;Avery, S.;Baker, O. K.;Beck, D. H.
• 通讯作者: Beck, D. H.

Transverse-single-spin asymmetries of charged pions at midrapidity in transversely polarized p+p collisions at √s = 200 GeV

√s = 200 GeV 横向极化 p+p 碰撞中中速带电π介子的横向单自旋不对称性

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.032003
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: T. Iwabuchi;T. Matsuyama and K. Taniguchi;PHENIX Collaboration
• 通讯作者: PHENIX Collaboration

AI-assisted Optimization of the ECCE Tracking System at the Electron Ion Collider

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2022.167748
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: ArXiv
• 作者: C. Fanelli;Z. Papandreou;K. Suresh;J. K. Adkins;Y. Akiba;A. Albataineh;M. Amaryan;I. Arsene;C. Gayoso;J. Bae;X. Bai;M. Baker;M. Bashkanov;R. Bellwied;F. Benmokhtar;V. Berdnikov;J. Bernauer;F. Bock;W. Boeglin;M. Borysova;E. Brash;P. Brindza;W. Briscoe;M. Brooks;S. Bueltmann;M. Bukhari;A. Bylinkin;R. Capobianco;W. Chang;Y. Cheon;K. Chen;K.F. Chen;K. Cheng;M. Chiu;T. Chujo;Z. Citron;E. Cline;E. Cohen;T. Cormier;Y. Morales;C. Cotton;J. Crafts;C. Crawford;S. Creekmore;C.Cuevas;J. Cunningham;G. David;C. Dean;M. Demarteau;S. Diehl;N. Doshita;R. Dupré;J. Durham;R. Dzhygadlo;R. Ehlers;Lamiaa El Fassi;A. Emmert;R. Ent;R. Fatémi;S. Fegan;M. Finger;M. Finger;J. Frantz;M. Friedman;I. Friščić;D. Gangadharan;S. Gardner;K. Gates;F. Geurts;R. Gilman;D. Glazier;E. Glimos;Y. Goto;N. Grau;S. Greene;A. Guo;L. Guo;S. Ha;J. Haggerty;T. Hayward;X. He;O. Hen;D. Higinbotham;P. H. Hopchev;T. Horn;A. Hoghmrtsyan;P. J. Hsu;J. Huang;G. Huber;A. Hutson;K. Hwang;C. Hyde;M. Inaba;T. Iwata;H. Jo;K. Joo;N. Kalantarians;G. Kalicy;K. Kawade;S. Kay;A. Kim;B. Kim;C. Kim;M. Kim;Y. Kim;E. Kistenev;V. Klimenko;S. Ko;I. Korover;W. Korsch;G. Krintiras;S. Kuhn;C. Kuo;T. Kutz;J. Lajoie;D. Lawrence;S. Lebedev;H. Lee;J. Lee;S. W. Lee;Y. Lee;W. Li;W. Li;X. Li;Y. Liang;S. Lim;C. Lin;D. Lin;K. Liu;M. Liu;K. Livingston;N. Liyanage;W. Llope;C. Loizides;E. Long;R. Lu;Z. Lu;W. Lynch;D. Marchand;M. Marcisovsky;P. Markowitz;H. Marukyan;P. McGaughey;M. Mihovilovič;R. Milner;A. Milov;Y. Miyachi;A. Mkrtchyan;P. Monaghan;R. Montgomery;D. Morrison;A. Movsisyan;H. Mkrtchyan;C. Camacho;M. Murray;K. Nagai;J. Nagle;I. Nakagawa;C. Nattrass;D. Nguyen;S. Niccolai;R. Nouicer;G. Nukazuka;M. Nycz;V. Okorokov;S. Orešić;J. Osborn;C. O'Shaughnessy;S. Paganis;S. Pate;M. Patel;C. Paus;G. Penman;M. Perdekamp;D. Perepelitsa;H. D. Costa;K. Peters;W. Phelps;E. Piasetzky;C. Pinkenburg;I. Procházka;T. Protzman;M. Purschke;J. Putschke;J. Pybus;R. Rajput-Ghoshal;J. Rasson;B. Raue;K. Read;K. Røed;R. Reed;J. Reinhold;E. Renner;J. Richards;C. Riedl;T. Rinn;J. Roche;G. Roland;G. Ron;M. Rosati;C. Royon;J. Ryu;S. Salur;N. Santiesteban;R. Santos;M. Sarsour;J. Schambach;A. Schmidt;N. Schmidt;C. Schwarz;J. Schwiening;R. Seidl;A. Sickles;P. Simmerling;S. Širca;D. Sharma;Z. Shi;T. Shibata;C. Shih;S. Shimizu;U. Shrestha;K. Slifer;K. Smith;D. Sokhan;R. Soltz;W. Sondheim;J. Song;I. Strakovsky;P. Steinberg;P. Stepanov;J. Stevens;J. Strube;P. Sun;X. Sun;V. Tadevosyan;W. Tang;S. Araya;S. Tarafdar;L. Teodorescu;A. Timmins;L. Tomášek;N. Trotta;R. Trotta;T. Tveter;Ejiro Naomi Umaka;A. Usman;H. W. Hecke;C. Hulse;J. Velkovska;E. Voutier;P. Wang;Q. Wang;Y. Wang;D. Watts;N. Wickramaarachchi;L. Weinstein;M. Williams;C. Wong;L. Wood;M. Wood;C. Woody;B. Wyslouch;Z. Xiao;Y. Yamazaki;Y. Yang;Z. Ye;H. Yoo;M. Yurov;N. Zachariou;W. Zajc;W. Zha;J. Zhang;Y. Zhang;Y. Zhao;X. Zheng;P. Zhuang

Studying the QGP with Jets at the LHC and RHIC

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103940
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Leticia Cunqueiro;A. Sickles

Probing transversity by measuring Λ polarisation in SIDIS

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136834
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: G. Alexeev;M. Alexeev;A. Amoroso;V. Andrieux;V. Anosov;K. Augsten;W. Augustyniak;C. Azevedo;B. Badelek;F. Balestra;M. Ball;J. Barth;R. Beck;Y. Bedfer;J. Berenguer Antequera;J. Bernhard;M. Bodlák;F. Bradamante;A. Bressan;V. Burtsev;W. Chang;C. Chatterjee;M. Chiosso;A. Chumakov;S. Chung;A. Cicuttin;P. Correia;M. Crespo;D. D’Ago;S. Dalla Torre;S. Dasgupta;S. Dasgupta;I. Denisenko;O. Denisov;S. Donskov;N. Doshita;C. Dreisbach;W. Dünnweber;R. Dusaev;A. Efremov;C. Elia;D. Eremeev;P. Eversheim;P. Faccioli;M. Faessler;A. Ferrero;M. Finger;H. Fischer;K. Flöthner;C. Franco;J. Friedrich;V. Frolov;L. G. García Ordóñez;F. Gautheron;O. Gavrichtchouk;S. Gerassimov;J. Giarra;D. Giordano;I. Gnesi;M. Gorzellik;A. Grasso;A. Gridin;M. Grosse Perdekamp;B. Grube;A. Guskov;D. von Harrach;R. Heitz;M. Hoffmann;N. Horikawa;N. d'Hose;C. Hsieh;S. Huber;S. Ishimoto;A. Ivanov;T. Iwata;M. Jandek;V. Jarý;R. Joosten;E. Kabuß;D. Kang;F. Kaspar;A. Kerbizi;B. Ketzer;G. Khaustov;Y. Khokhlov;Y. Kisselev;F. Klein;J. Koivuniemi;V. Kolosov;K. Kondo Horikawa;I. Konorov;V. Konstantinov;A. Kotzinian;O. Kouznetsov;A. Koval;Z. Kral;F. Krinner;Y. Kulinich;F. Kunne;K. Kurek;R. Kurjata;A. Kveton;K. Lavickova;S. Levorato;Y.-S. Lian;J. Lichtenstadt;P. Lin;R. Longo;V. Lyubovitskij;A. Maggiora;A. Magnon;N. Makins;N. Makke;G. Mallot;A. Maltsev;S. Mamon;B. Mariański;A. Martin;J. Marzec;J. Matoušek;T. Matsuda;G. Mattson;G. Meshcheryakov;F. Metzger;M. Meyer;W. Meyer;Y. Mikhailov;M. Mikhasenko;E. Mitrofanov;Y. Miyachi;A. Moretti;A. Nagaytsev;C. Naim;T. Negrini;D. Neyret;J. Nový;W. Nowak;G. Nukazuka;A. S. Nunes;A. Olshevsky;M. Ostrick;D. Panzieri;B. Parsamyan;S. Paul;H. Pekeler;J. Peng;M. Pešek;D. Peshekhonov;M. Pešková;N. Pierre;S. Platchkov;J. Pochodzalla;V. Polyakov;J. Pretz;M. Quaresma;C. Quintans;G. Reicherz;C. Riedl;T. Rudnicki;D. Ryabchikov;A. Rychter;A. Rymbekova;V. Samoylenko;A. Sandacz;S. Sarkar;I. Savin;G. Sbrizzai;P. Schiavon;H. Schmieden;A. Selyunin;K. Sharko;L. Sinha;M. Slunecka;J. Smolík;F. Sozzi;A. Srnka;D. Steffen;M. Stolarski;O. Subrt;M. Sulc;H. Suzuki;P. Sznajder;S. Tessaro;F. Tessarotto;A. Thiel;J. Tomsa;F. Tosello;A. Townsend;V. Tskhay;S. Uhl;B. Vasilishin;A. Vauth;B. M. Veit;J. Veloso;B. Ventura;A. Vidon;M. Virius;M. Wagner;S. Wallner;K. Zaremba;P. Zavada;M. Zavertyaev;M. Zemko;E. Zemlyanichkina;Y. Zhao;M. Ziembicki