A Program of Medium Energy Nuclear Physics

中能核物理项目

• 批准号: 1812377
• 负责人: Douglas Beck
• 金额: $ 720万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1812377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Program; Medium; Energy; Nuclear; Physics

It is now a well-established fact that nucleons, protons and neutrons, particles that make up the vast majority of the visible matter in the Universe, are made up of more elementary particles called quarks. The main physics program supported by this grant is to measure how quarks are distributed in nucleons. In this quark form of matter, energy and mass are traded back and forth on short timescales according to the famous E = mc2. Particular questions that will help us to understand this essential feature of quark matter include: How is the magnetism of the nucleon constructed? What is the role of anti-matter in the nucleon? What happens when the temperature inside a nucleon is increased to a high value? Does the motion of the quarks inside the nucleon look the same as one moves forward or backward in time? The goal of these experiments is to compare with theoretical predictions from the so-called Standard Model of Particle Physics, both to better understand it, as well as to look for signs of new phenomena that are not described by it.The prevailing theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics or QCD, is a generalization of the highly successful quantum electrodynamics QED, yet we are hard-pressed to provide truly QCD-based quantitative or intuitive descriptions of nucleon structure. This project will focus on investigating key properties of the proton, targeting the poorly measured sea quarks and the unknown orbital motion of the quarks. The strong force also played a role at the beginning of time. In the early stages of the big bang, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) existed for an instant, before the strong force confined the quarks into bound states. This fleeting state of matter has been recreated in the laboratory and found to possess extraordinary properties, such as a viscosity so low that it may be at its theoretical minimum. This grant enables continued study of the QGP's properties using fully reconstructed jets at ATLAS and correlations in small collision systems at sPHENIX. This QCD research will comprise four experiments: SeaQuest at Fermilab, COMPASS-II and ATLAS at the European Cernter for Nuclear Research (CERN) as well as, in the future, sPHENIX at Brookhaven. This award also supports a search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron, a CP-violating quantity. The nEDM experiment aims at a 100-fold improvement over the present upper limit of the EDM set by previous experiments.These research efforts will contribute to the education of postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduates in a broad array of skills needed in the advanced high tech workforce. The research program also includes a number of outreach activities: summer programs for undergraduates from smaller institutions, and for local high school students from underrepresented groups, along with leadership of a program of weekly public presentations, a public course in energy and sustainability and a popular website exploring the physics of baseball.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

现在已经确定的事实是，构成宇宙中绝大多数可见物质的核子、质子和中子是由称为夸克的更基本的粒子组成的。该基金支持的主要物理学计划是测量夸克在核子中的分布。 在这种夸克形式的物质中，能量和质量根据著名的E = mc 2在短时间尺度上来回交换。 有助于我们理解夸克物质这一基本特征的特殊问题包括：核子的磁性是如何构成的？ 反物质在核子中的作用是什么？ 当核子内部的温度升高到一个很高的值时会发生什么？ 核子内夸克的运动看起来和时间上的前进或后退是一样的吗？ 这些实验的目的是与所谓的粒子物理学标准模型的理论预测进行比较，以便更好地理解它，以及寻找它没有描述的新现象的迹象。强有力的流行理论，量子色动力学或QCD，是非常成功的量子电动力学QED的推广，然而，我们很难提供真正基于QCD的定量或直观的核子结构描述。该项目将侧重于研究质子的关键特性，目标是测量不佳的海夸克和未知的夸克轨道运动。在时间之初，强大的力量也发挥了作用。在大爆炸的早期阶段，夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）存在了一瞬间，然后强作用力将夸克限制在束缚态。这种转瞬即逝的物质状态已经在实验室中被重新创造出来，并被发现具有非凡的特性，例如粘度如此之低，以至于它可能处于理论最低值。该补助金使继续研究QGP的属性使用完全重建的喷流在ATLAS和相关的小碰撞系统在sPHENIX。这项QCD研究将包括四个实验：费米实验室的SeaQuest，欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的COMPASS-II和ATLAS，以及未来布鲁克海文的sPHENIX。该奖项还支持寻找中子的永久电偶极矩（EDM），这是一种CP破坏量。nEDM实验的目标是将先前实验设定的EDM上限提高100倍，这些研究工作将有助于培养博士后、研究生和本科生掌握先进高科技劳动力所需的广泛技能。 该研究计划还包括一些推广活动：为来自较小机构的本科生和来自代表性不足群体的当地高中生提供暑期课程，沿着每周公开演讲计划的领导，能源和可持续发展的公共课程，以及探索棒球物理学的热门网站。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过评估被认为值得支持使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

VUV-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

用于 nEXO 中氙闪烁光检测的 VUV 敏感硅光电倍增管

• DOI: 10.1109/tns.2018.2875668
• 发表时间: 2018-11-01
• 期刊: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Jamil, A.;Ziegler, T.;Zhou, Y.
• 通讯作者: Zhou, Y.

Searching for low mass dark matter via phonon creation in superfluid He4

通过超流体 He4 中声子的产生寻找低质量暗物质

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.035014
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Baym, Gordon;Beck, D. H.;Filippini, Jeffrey P.;Pethick, C. J.;Shelton, Jessie
• 通讯作者: Shelton, Jessie

Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器测量 s NN = 5.02 TeV 的 Pb Pb 碰撞中来自粲和底部强子的 μ 子方位各向异性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135595
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Aad G

Design and Beam Test Results for the 2-D Projective sPHENIX Electromagnetic Calorimeter Prototype

• DOI: 10.1109/tns.2020.3034643
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: C. Aidala;S. Altaf;R. Belmont;S. Boose;D. Cacace;M. Connors;E. Desmond;J. Frantz;E. Gamez;N. Grau;J. Haggerty;A. Hodges;J. Huang;Ye-seul Kim;M. Lenz;W. Lenz;N. Lewis;E. Mannel;J. Osborn;D. Perepelitsa;M. Phipps;R. Pisani;S. Polizzo;A. Pun;M. Purschke;C. Riedl;T. Rinn;A. C. RomeroHernandez;M. Sarsour;Z. Shi;A. Sickles;C. Smith;S. Stoll;X. Sun;E. Thorsland;F. Vassalli;X. Wang;C. Woody

Design and Beam Test Results for the sPHENIX Electromagnetic and Hadronic Calorimeter Prototypes

• DOI: 10.1109/tns.2018.2879047
• 发表时间: 2017-04
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: C. Aidala;V. Bailey;S. Beckman;R. Belmont;C. Biggs;J. Blackburn;S. Boose;M. Chiu;M. Connors;E. Desmond;A. Franz;J. Haggerty;X. He;M. Higdon;J. Huang;K. Kauder;E. Kistenev;J. LaBounty;J. Lajoie;M. Lenz;W. Lenz;S. Li;V. R.Loggins;E. Mannel;T. Majoros;M. McCumber;J. Nagle;M. Phipps;C. Pinkenburg;S. Polizzo;C. Pontieri;M. Purschke;J. Putschke;M. Sarsour;T. Rinn;R. Ruggiero;A. Sen;A. Sickles;M. Skoby;J. Smiga;P. Sobel;P. Stankus;S. Stoll;A. Sukhanov;E. Thorsland;F. Toldo;R. Towell;B. Ujvari;S. Vazquez-Carson;C. Woody