Advances in High Energy Nuclear Physics

高能核物理进展

• 批准号: 2111568
• 负责人: Rainer Fries
• 金额: $ 29.84万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2111568&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advances; Energy; Nuclear; Physics

Among the four fundamental forces in nature the strong nuclear force is understood the least. The strong force is behind many important processes in the universe. One particularly important aspect of the strong nuclear force is the existence of quark gluon plasma. If ordinary matter is heated up to temperatures of about 1,000,000,000,000 degrees, hotter than the core of the sun, atoms and molecules cease to exist and even protons and neutrons inside atomic nuclei melt. The remaining primordial soup of quarks and gluons is what filled the very early universe. One can recreate quark gluon plasma in large particle colliders by smashing heavy nuclei into each other. Experimental programs at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the US study quark gluon plasma. The PI and his group will carry out research that will improve our understanding of properties of quark gluon plasma in nuclear collisions. The project will use computer simulations, machine learning, and advanced statistical methods to reach this goal. It will provide training for graduate students and young scientists in nuclear science.Quark gluon plasma in nuclear collisions is studied through the use of probes that are created together with the plasma in these collisions. Among the most promising probes are high energy photons and jets. Photons have the unique property that the quark gluon plasma is almost transparent to them. They can thus deliver information from deep inside the droplet of plasma that is created. However, state-of-the-art calculations assume that the plasma is actually perfectly transparent to photons. This project attempts to quantify the errors that are made with the assumption of a complete absence of final state interactions. This can lead to a better understanding of available data on photons which exhibits some puzzling features. Jets are seen in detectors as collimated sprays of hadrons, i.e. bound states of quarks and gluons. They emerge from a single, very energetic quark or gluon that has been scattered away from the axis of the colliding beams. Jets evolve in a complicated pattern in space-time as well as momentum space while they interact with the plasma around them. This project will try to go beyond the simple space-time picture, inspired by classical propagation, that is often utilized in the interpretation of data, by looking at the equivalent of Wigner distributions for these jet showers. Lastly, the PI will continue to develop and explore the "Hybrid Hadronization" computer code. Hybrid Hadronization is a novel simulation of the process of quarks and gluons forming hadrons in the last phase of nuclear collisions. Applications will focus on jets and involve the recombination of quarks and gluons from the plasma with those in jets.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在自然界的四种基本力中，人们对强核力的了解最少。宇宙中许多重要过程背后都有强大的力量。强核力的一个特别重要的方面是夸克胶子等离子体的存在。如果普通物质被加热到约 1,000,000,000,000 度（比太阳核心还热），原子和分子将不复存在，甚至原子核内的质子和中子也会熔化。剩余的夸克和胶子的原始汤充满了早期的宇宙。人们可以通过将重核相互碰撞来在大粒子对撞机中重建夸克胶子等离子体。欧洲大型强子对撞机和美国相对论重离子对撞机的实验项目研究夸克胶子等离子体。首席研究员和他的团队将开展研究，以提高我们对核碰撞中夸克胶子等离子体特性的理解。该项目将利用计算机模拟、机器学习和先进的统计方法来实现这一目标。它将为核科学领域的研究生和年轻科学家提供培训。核碰撞中的夸克胶子等离子体是通过使用在这些碰撞中与等离子体一起产生的探针来研究的。最有前途的探测器是高能光子和射流。光子具有独特的性质，夸克胶子等离子体对它们来说几乎是透明的。因此，它们可以从所产生的等离子体液滴深处传递信息。然而，最先进的计算假设等离子体实际上对光子是完全透明的。该项目试图量化在完全不存在最终状态交互的假设下所产生的错误。这可以让我们更好地理解光子的可用数据，这些数据表现出一些令人费解的特征。喷流在探测器中被视为强子的准直喷雾，即夸克和胶子的束缚态。它们是从一个能量非常高的夸克或胶子中产生的，这些夸克或胶子已经远离碰撞光束的轴而被散射。当喷流与周围的等离子体相互作用时，它们在时空和动量空间中以复杂的模式演化。该项目将尝试超越简单的时空图，其灵感来自经典传播，通常用于数据解释，通过观察这些喷流的维格纳分布。最后，PI将继续开发和探索“混合强子化”计算机代码。混合强子化是对核碰撞最后阶段夸克和胶子形成强子过程的新颖模拟。应用将集中在喷流上，涉及等离子体中的夸克和胶子与喷流中的夸克和胶子的重组。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.103.054904
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: arXiv: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
• 作者: D. Everett;W. Ke;J. Paquet;G. Vujanovic;S. Bass;L. Du;C. Gale;M. Heffernan;U. Heinz

Shear stress tensor and specific shear viscosity of hot hadron gas in nuclear collisions

核碰撞中热强子气体的剪切应力张量和比剪切粘度

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.105.014910
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Yang, Zhidong;Fries, Rainer J.
• 通讯作者: Fries, Rainer J.

Role of bulk viscosity in deuteron production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.106.064901
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: D. Everett;D. Oliinychenko;M. Luzum;J. Paquet;G. Vujanovic;S. Bass;L. Du;C. Gale;Matthew Heffernan;U. Heinz;L. Kasper;W. Ke;D. Liyanage;A. Majumder;A. Mankolli;C. Shen;D. Soeder;J. Velkovska;A. Angerami;R. Arora;S. Cao;Y. Chen;T. Dai;R. Ehlers;H. Elfner;W. Fan;R. Fries;F. Garza;Y. He;B. Jacak;P. Jacobs;S. Jeon;M. Kelsey;M. Kordell;A. Kumar;J. Latessa;Y. Lee;A. Lopez;S. Mak;C. Martin;Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar;T. Mengel;J. Mulligan;C. Nattrass;J. Putschke;G. Roland;B. Schenke;L. Schwiebert;A. Silva;C. Sirimanna;R. Soltz;J. Staudenmaier;M. Strickland;Y. Tachibana;X.-N. Wang;R. Wolpert

Inclusive jet and hadron suppression in a multistage approach

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.107.034911
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: A. Kumar;Y. Tachibana;C. Sirimanna;G. Vujanovic;S. Cao;A. Majumder;Y. Chen;L. Du;R. Ehlers;D. Everett;W. Fan;Y. He;J. Mulligan;C. Park;A. Angerami;R. Arora;S. Bass;T. Dai;H. Elfner;R. Fries;C. Gale;F. Garza;Matthew Heffernan;U. Heinz;B. Jacak;P. Jacobs;S. Jeon;K. Kauder;L. Kasper;W. Ke;M. Kelsey;B. Kim;M. Kordell;J. Latessa;Y. Lee;D. Liyanage;A. Lopez;M. Luzum;S. Mak;A. Mankolli;C. Martin;Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar;T. Mengel;C. Nattrass;D. Oliinychenko;J. Paquet;J. Putschke;G. Roland;B. Schenke;L. Schwiebert;A. Sengupta;Chen Shen;A. Silva;D. Soeder;R. Soltz;J. Staudenmaier;M. Strickland;J. Velkovska;X.-N. Wang;R. Wolpert

Determining the jet transport coefficient q̂ from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.104.024905
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: S. Cao;Y. Chen;J. Coleman-;J. Mulligan;P. Jacobs;R. Soltz;A. Angerami;R. Arora;S. Bass