Quantum Field Theory and String Theory

该奖项资助普林斯顿大学西尔维乌·普夫教授的研究活动。理论物理学中的一个重要问题是寻找支配由大量相互作用非常强烈的成分组成的系统行为的普遍模式。这类系统的例子很多，从高压沸水，或重离子碰撞形成的等离子体，到目前仅被猜测存在的量子物质的新相。普夫教授将开发理论工具，以了解描述这类系统的短距离行为的物理学如何约束描述这些系统在较长尺度上行为的物理学。这些工具在一定程度上是基于弦理论的想法，根据弦理论，人们可以通过在更高维度的空间中研究引力来研究这种强相互作用的系统。这一领域的研究通过促进科学最基本的方向之一--发现和理解新的物理定律--来促进国家利益。这个项目也有一个重要的教育和指导部分，包括让本科生、研究生和博士后参与研究，从而为他们的科学生涯做好准备。在更技术性的层面上，这个项目的目标之一是加强我们对如何将量子系统全息描述为量子引力的更高维度理论的理解。为此，蒲夫教授将探索算符的共形场论相关器与自旋之间的关系，以及高维平坦空间散射振幅之间的关系。他还将使用一种有效的场论方法来研究量子引力的哪些信息是以数量编码的，例如全息对偶共形场理论的球面自由能。最后，蒲夫教授将研究规范/引力二元性的玩具模型，这些模型基于具有超对称性的强相互作用量子场论的确切结果。这个项目的另一个目标是在两个维度上研究量子色动力学的类似物，可以用来提取关于探测夸克的颜色限制和屏蔽的经验教训。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research activities of Professor Silviu Pufu at Princeton University.One of the important problems in theoretical physics is that of finding universal patterns governing the behavior of systems composed of large numbers of constituents that interact very strongly. Examples of such systems range from boiling water at high pressure, or the plasma that forms as a result of a collision between heavy ions, to new phases of quantum matter that currently are only conjectured to exist. Professor Pufu will develop theoretical tools for understanding how the physics that describes the short-distance behavior of such systems constrains the physics that describes the behavior of these systems at longer length scales. These tools are partly based on ideas from string theory, whereby one can study such strongly-interacting systems by instead studying gravity in a higher-dimensional space. Research in this area advances the national interest by promoting the progress of science in one of its most fundamental directions: the discovery and understanding of new physical laws. This project also has an important educational and mentoring component which includes engaging undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs in research, and thereby preparing them for successful scientific careers.At a more technical level, one of the goals of this project is to enhance our understanding of how a quantum system can be described holographically as a higher-dimensional theory of Quantum Gravity. Towards this goal, Professor Pufu will explore the relation between conformal field theory correlators of operators with spin, and flat-space scattering amplitudes in one dimension higher. He will also use an effective field theory approach to investigate what information about Quantum Gravity is encoded in quantities such as the sphere free energy of conformal field theories with holographic duals. Lastly, Professor Pufu will study toy models of the gauge/gravity duality that are based on exact results in strongly-interacting quantum field theories that possess supersymmetry. Another goal of this project is to study analogs of Quantum Chromodynamics in two dimensions that can be used to extract lessons about color confinement and screening of probe quarks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.