New Oxysulfide Perovskites for Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Applications

第一部分：非技术概述：钙钛矿材料是已知的三元金属氧化物，可用作太阳能电池材料，可吸收和储存太阳能。它们在水和酸性环境中稳定，通常由高度丰富的元素组成；但它们存在光伏效率低和稳定性差的问题。主要的挑战是在保持大量无毒元素的稳定性和使用的同时，提高这种效率。为了在基础材料化学水平上解决这个问题，该项目在材料研究部固体和材料化学计划的支持下，专注于建立合成策略来制备一类新的材料-硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿。硫化物和含氧硫化物钙钛矿的合成还不是很清楚或了解。该项目的成果将为影响太阳能技术以造福社会未来的能源需求奠定基础。此外，作为该项目的一部分，研究生和本科生积极参与实践培训、科学研讨会和会议，以及指导经验。作为该项目的一部分，还开发了一套关于固态和材料化学的基于文献的积极学习和教学工具，并将通过离子毒蛇网站进行传播。第二部分：技术概述本项目由材料研究部固体和材料化学项目支持，致力于建立一类新的硫化物和含氧硫化物钙钛矿材料的合成策略，目前对其合成尚不清楚或尚不清楚。传统的钙钛矿材料ABO3(A=S，d，或f金属，B=过渡金属)因其稳定性和包含高度丰富的元素而受到太阳能材料的青睐。然而，ABO3的一个主要限制是，它们通常具有太大的带隙，无法有效地吸收和存储太阳能。合成新型硫化物和含氧硫化物钙钛矿材料ABS3和AB(O，S)3的目的是为了建立稳定的无机材料，使其在集成到光伏器件中时具有更高的效率。该项目通过实践经验、科学研讨会和会议以及指导，为研究生和本科生提供科学培训和职业发展。作为该项目的一部分，还开发了一套基于文献的主动学习和教学工具，促进化学本科生的固态和材料化学教育。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

PART 1: NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Perovskite materials are ternary metal oxides known to be useful as solar cell materials where solar energy can be absorbed and stored. They are stable in aqueous and acidic environments and are generally composed of highly abundant elements; however, they are plagued by low photovoltaic efficiencies and low stability. The primary challenge is to increase this efficiency while maintaining the stability and use of abundant, nontoxic elements. To address this issue at a fundamental materials chemistry level, this project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies to prepare a new class of materials, sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites. The syntheses of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites are not well known or understood. Outcomes from this project will lay the foundation to impact solar energy technology to benefit society’s future energy needs. Additionally, as part of this project, graduate and undergraduate students are actively involved in hands-on training, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship experiences. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools on solid-state and materials chemistry is developed as part of this project as well and will be disseminated via the IONIC VIPeR website. PART 2: TECHNICAL SUMMARY This project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies of a new class of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskite materials, for which the syntheses are currently unknown or not understood. Conventional perovskites, ABO3 (A = s, d, or f metal and B = transition metal) are appealing solar energy materials because of their stability and inclusion of highly abundant elements. One major limitation of ABO3, however, is that they typically possess band gaps that are too large to efficiently absorb and store solar energy. The motivation for synthesizing novel sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites, ABS3 and AB(O,S)3 is to establish stable inorganic materials that could exhibit higher efficiency when integrated into photovoltaic devices. This project provides scientific training and career development of graduate and undergraduate students through hands-on experiences, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools advancing solid-state and materials chemistry education of chemistry undergraduates is developed as part of this project as well.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.