New Oxysulfide Perovskites for Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Applications

第一部分：Peroxides材料是已知可用作其中可吸收和储存太阳能的太阳能电池材料的三元金属氧化物。 它们在水性和酸性环境中是稳定的，并且通常由高度丰富的元素组成;然而，它们受到低光伏效率和低稳定性的困扰。主要的挑战是提高效率，同时保持稳定性和使用丰富的无毒元素。为了在基础材料化学水平上解决这个问题，该项目由材料研究部的固态和材料化学计划支持，重点是建立合成策略，以制备一类新材料，硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿。硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿的合成不是众所周知的或理解的。该项目的成果将为影响太阳能技术以满足社会未来的能源需求奠定基础。此外，作为该项目的一部分，研究生和本科生积极参与实践培训，科学研讨会和会议以及导师经验。作为该项目的一部分，还开发了一套基于文献的固态和材料化学主动学习和教学工具，并将通过IONIC VIPeR网站进行传播。 第二部分：该项目由材料研究部的固态和材料化学计划支持，重点是建立一类新的硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿材料的合成策略，目前合成方法未知或不了解。传统的钙钛矿ABO 3（A = s、d或f金属，B =过渡金属）是有吸引力的太阳能材料，因为它们的稳定性和包含高度丰富的元素。然而，ABO 3的一个主要限制是它们通常具有太大的带隙，无法有效地吸收和储存太阳能。合成新型硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿、ABS 3和AB（O，S）3的动机是建立稳定的无机材料，其在集成到光伏器件中时可以表现出更高的效率。该项目通过实践经验、科学研讨会和会议以及导师制为研究生和本科生提供科学培训和职业发展。一套基于文献的主动学习和教学工具，推进化学本科生的固态和材料化学教育的发展，以及作为这个项目的一部分。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

PART 1: NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Perovskite materials are ternary metal oxides known to be useful as solar cell materials where solar energy can be absorbed and stored. They are stable in aqueous and acidic environments and are generally composed of highly abundant elements; however, they are plagued by low photovoltaic efficiencies and low stability. The primary challenge is to increase this efficiency while maintaining the stability and use of abundant, nontoxic elements. To address this issue at a fundamental materials chemistry level, this project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies to prepare a new class of materials, sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites. The syntheses of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites are not well known or understood. Outcomes from this project will lay the foundation to impact solar energy technology to benefit society’s future energy needs. Additionally, as part of this project, graduate and undergraduate students are actively involved in hands-on training, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship experiences. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools on solid-state and materials chemistry is developed as part of this project as well and will be disseminated via the IONIC VIPeR website. PART 2: TECHNICAL SUMMARY This project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies of a new class of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskite materials, for which the syntheses are currently unknown or not understood. Conventional perovskites, ABO3 (A = s, d, or f metal and B = transition metal) are appealing solar energy materials because of their stability and inclusion of highly abundant elements. One major limitation of ABO3, however, is that they typically possess band gaps that are too large to efficiently absorb and store solar energy. The motivation for synthesizing novel sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites, ABS3 and AB(O,S)3 is to establish stable inorganic materials that could exhibit higher efficiency when integrated into photovoltaic devices. This project provides scientific training and career development of graduate and undergraduate students through hands-on experiences, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools advancing solid-state and materials chemistry education of chemistry undergraduates is developed as part of this project as well.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.