New Oxysulfide Perovskites for Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Applications

钙钛矿材料是一种三元金属氧化物，可用作太阳能电池材料，可以吸收和储存太阳能。它们在水和酸性环境中稳定，通常由丰富的元素组成；然而，它们受到低光伏效率和低稳定性的困扰。主要的挑战是在保持稳定性和使用丰富的无毒元素的同时提高效率。为了在基础材料化学水平上解决这一问题，该项目由材料研究部固态和材料化学项目支持，重点建立合成策略，以制备一类新的材料，硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿。硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿的合成还不为人所知或了解。该项目的成果将为影响太阳能技术奠定基础，以造福社会未来的能源需求。此外，作为该项目的一部分，研究生和本科生积极参与实践培训，科学研讨会和会议，以及指导经验。作为该项目的一部分，一套基于文献的固态和材料化学主动学习和教学工具也将被开发出来，并将通过IONIC VIPeR网站传播。本项目由材料研究部固态和材料化学项目支持，重点建立一类新的硫化物和氧化硫化物钙钛矿材料的合成策略，目前尚不清楚这些材料的合成方法。传统的钙钛矿ABO3 （A = s, d，或f金属，B =过渡金属）是很有吸引力的太阳能材料，因为它们的稳定性和包含丰富的元素。然而，ABO3的一个主要限制是，它们通常具有太大的带隙，无法有效地吸收和储存太阳能。合成新型硫化物和氧硫化物钙钛矿ABS3和AB(O，S)3的动机是建立稳定的无机材料，当集成到光伏器件中时可以表现出更高的效率。该项目通过实践体验、科学研讨会和会议以及指导，为研究生和本科生提供科学培训和职业发展。一套基于文献的主动学习和教学工具，促进了化学本科生的固态和材料化学教育，也是该项目的一部分。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

PART 1: NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Perovskite materials are ternary metal oxides known to be useful as solar cell materials where solar energy can be absorbed and stored. They are stable in aqueous and acidic environments and are generally composed of highly abundant elements; however, they are plagued by low photovoltaic efficiencies and low stability. The primary challenge is to increase this efficiency while maintaining the stability and use of abundant, nontoxic elements. To address this issue at a fundamental materials chemistry level, this project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies to prepare a new class of materials, sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites. The syntheses of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites are not well known or understood. Outcomes from this project will lay the foundation to impact solar energy technology to benefit society’s future energy needs. Additionally, as part of this project, graduate and undergraduate students are actively involved in hands-on training, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship experiences. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools on solid-state and materials chemistry is developed as part of this project as well and will be disseminated via the IONIC VIPeR website. PART 2: TECHNICAL SUMMARY This project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, is focused on establishing synthetic strategies of a new class of sulfide and oxysulfide perovskite materials, for which the syntheses are currently unknown or not understood. Conventional perovskites, ABO3 (A = s, d, or f metal and B = transition metal) are appealing solar energy materials because of their stability and inclusion of highly abundant elements. One major limitation of ABO3, however, is that they typically possess band gaps that are too large to efficiently absorb and store solar energy. The motivation for synthesizing novel sulfide and oxysulfide perovskites, ABS3 and AB(O,S)3 is to establish stable inorganic materials that could exhibit higher efficiency when integrated into photovoltaic devices. This project provides scientific training and career development of graduate and undergraduate students through hands-on experiences, scientific workshops and conferences, and mentorship. A suite of literature-based active learning and teaching tools advancing solid-state and materials chemistry education of chemistry undergraduates is developed as part of this project as well.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.