Arctic Beaver Observation Network (A-BON): Tracking a new disturbance regime

北极海狸观测网络（A-BON）：追踪新的干扰状况

• 批准号: 2114051
• 负责人: Kenneth Tape
• 金额: $ 250.94万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2114051&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Beaver; Observation; Network; BON

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2)Beavers are remarkable animals that engineer the landscape by building dams and transforming linear streams into a series of ponds. The impact of this engineering on lowland ecosystems is widely recognized in temperate regions, but beavers are now moving from the forest into arctic tundra regions, where their extent and impacts are unknown. In the Arctic, perennially frozen ground – permafrost – stores vast amounts of carbon, and the stability of permafrost is jeopardized when the landscape is inundated due to beaver engineering and changes in hydrology. Furthermore, stream life in the Arctic is limited by low temperatures, but deeper water associated with pond building increases water temperature in winter. This in turn alters stream ecology and may create refugia for new species moving into the Arctic, including fish. Beaver expansion into new areas has been observed with concern by people living in affected regions, particularly potential impacts to fish, water quality, and boat access. This research will co-produce knowledge with local people to understand concerns and observed impacts of beaver colonization. Scientific fieldwork at beaver ponds will illuminate changes in hydrology and permafrost. This understanding will be combined with satellite images of beaver ponds across the entire Arctic to determine the extent of beaver engineering and recent changes. This research is vital to our understanding of the current and future arctic ecosystem; it will be shared widely through education and media, including a Netflix series featuring beavers moving into tundra.The Arctic Beaver Observation Network (A-BON) will observe beaver engineering across circumarctic treeline and tundra environments during the last half-century by mapping and tracking beaver ponds using satellite imagery. Investigators will work closely with residents of three Alaskan communities (Shungnak, Kotzebue, and Noatak) to document long-term, experiential observations of beaver habitat and activity, particularly changes wrought to the landscape and to fish. These observations will provide local to regional insights clarifying the timing of beaver arrival and the impacts to socio-ecological systems. Scientific fieldwork will characterize how beavers alter physical attributes of the aquatic and terrestrial tundra environment, from initial perturbation to ongoing landscape evolution. A-BON will coordinate circumarctic efforts surrounding this issue, encouraging dialogue and data sharing among local communities, scientists, and land managers. A-BON adds to the NSF Arctic Observing Network portfolio a project with a strong remote sensing component complemented by a strong local need, perspective and collaboration. A-BON will provide a baseline circumarctic understanding of a new disturbance regime. This co-production of knowledge will inform a multitude of related studies on the ramifications of beaver colonization, from energy cycling to fish, riparian vegetation, subsistence land-use practices and human health.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助海狸是通过建造水坝和将线性溪流转化为一系列池塘来设计景观的非凡动物。这项工程对低地生态系统的影响在温带地区得到了广泛的认可，但海狸现在正从森林迁移到北极苔原地区，其程度和影响尚不清楚。在北极，常年冻土-永久冻土-储存了大量的碳，当海狸工程和水文变化淹没景观时，永久冻土的稳定性受到威胁。此外，北极的溪流生活受到低温的限制，但与池塘建设相关的深水会增加冬季的水温。这反过来又改变了河流生态，并可能为进入北极的新物种（包括鱼类）创造避难所。生活在受影响地区的人们对海狸向新地区的扩张感到担忧，特别是对鱼类、水质和船只通行的潜在影响。这项研究将与当地人共同产生知识，以了解海狸殖民化的担忧和观察到的影响。在海狸池塘的科学实地考察将阐明水文和永久冻土的变化。这一认识将与整个北极地区海狸池塘的卫星图像相结合，以确定海狸工程的程度和最近的变化。这项研究对我们了解当前和未来的北极生态系统至关重要;它将通过教育和媒体广泛分享，包括Netflix系列展示海狸进入苔原。北极海狸观测网络（A-BON）将通过使用卫星图像绘制和跟踪海狸池塘来观察过去半个世纪中海狸在环北极树线和苔原环境中的工程。研究人员将与三个阿拉斯加社区（Shungnak，Kotzebue和Noatak）的居民密切合作，记录海狸栖息地和活动的长期经验观察，特别是对景观和鱼类的变化。这些观察将提供当地到区域的见解，澄清海狸到达的时间和对社会生态系统的影响。科学实地考察将描述海狸如何改变水生和陆地苔原环境的物理属性，从最初的扰动到持续的景观演变。A-BON将协调围绕这一问题的环北极努力，鼓励当地社区、科学家和土地管理者之间的对话和数据共享。A-BON在NSF北极观测网络组合中增加了一个项目，该项目具有强大的遥感组成部分，并辅之以强大的当地需求、观点和合作。A-BON将提供对新干扰机制的环北极基线了解。这种知识的共同生产将为海狸殖民化的后果的大量相关研究提供信息，从能源循环到鱼类，河岸植被，生计土地使用实践和人类健康。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Integrating local environmental observations and remote sensing to better understand the life cycle of a thermokarst lake in Arctic Alaska

结合当地环境观测和遥感，更好地了解阿拉斯加北极热岩溶湖的生命周期

• DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2195518
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: and Alpine Research
• 作者: Jones, Benjamin M.;Schaeffer Tessier, Susan;Tessier, Tim;Brubaker, Michael;Brook, Mike;Schaeffer, Jackie;Ward Jones, Melissa K.;Grosse, Guido;Nitze, Ingmar;Rettelbach, Tabea
• 通讯作者: Rettelbach, Tabea

Beaver Engineering: Tracking a New Disturbance in the Arctic

海狸工程：追踪北极的新干扰

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Arctic report card
• 作者: Tape, K.D.

Swan Lake Creek Study Reach Datasets - beaver dams, flowlines, and UAS imagery; Seward Peninsula, Alaska; 2006-2021

天鹅湖溪研究河段数据集 - 海狸坝、流线和 UAS 图像；

• DOI: 10.18739/a2fj29d9x
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Jones, Benjamin;Tape, Ken;Clark, Jason;Bondurant, Allen;Ward Jones, Melissa;Gaglioti, Benjamin;Elder, Clayton;Witharana, Chandi;Miller, Charles
• 通讯作者: Miller, Charles

Multispectral Orthomosaic Image for the Swan Lake Creek Beaver Dams, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 02 August 2023

2023 年 8 月 2 日阿拉斯加苏厄德半岛天鹅湖河海狸水坝的多光谱正射影像

• DOI: 10.18739/a23r0pv81
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Jones, Benjamin;Tape, Kenneth
• 通讯作者: Tape, Kenneth

Thermal modeling of three lakes within the continuous permafrost zone in Alaska using the LAKE 2.0 model

使用 LAKE 2.0 模型对阿拉斯加连续永久冻土带内的三个湖泊进行热建模

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-7421-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Clark, Jason A.;Jafarov, Elchin E.;Tape, Ken D.;Jones, Benjamin M.;Stepanenko, Victor
• 通讯作者: Stepanenko, Victor