Small-scale Ejections in the Sun’s Photosphere through Chromosphere and Corona

该项目研究太阳大气层中从光球层到色球层再到日冕的小规模抛射，这可能对日冕和太阳风的结构和动态产生重大影响。 其目标是促进我们对太阳物理学中引人注目的问题的理解，包括各种小型喷流现象之间的相互关系，它们与太阳可变磁场的联系，以及它们对日冕加热和太阳风加速的能量和质量贡献。 研究人员将利用位于加州的古德太阳望远镜（GST）和太空观测站对太阳进行高分辨率观测。 该项目改进和/或开发的数据分析工具将公开提供，并将有助于科学规划和分析其他地面太阳观测，特别是使用NSF资助的丹尼尔K。Inouye太阳望远镜。 研究成果将被纳入新泽西理工学院提供的高级课程，该学院为来自STEM代表性不足群体的大量学生提供服务。太阳大气中的小规模喷流状喷射，包括色球II型针状体、大针状体、迷你丝状喷发以及过渡区和日冕喷流，具有不同的时空尺度和大小。 这些事件可能与小规模的磁场重联有关，负责提供向上的能量和动量通量，并可能驱动太阳风中的小瞬变。 将对全球太阳服务卫星的高分辨率光球/色球观测数据以及天基界面区成像光谱仪、太阳动力学观测站和日出号飞行任务的多波长光谱观测数据进行统计研究，以得出这些小尺度抛射的主要特征，包括大小、寿命、发生率、速度以及质量和能量输出。 观测分析，使用的差分发射测量和光谱多普勒运动的反演分析，将推进我们的小尺度喷射在色球层，过渡区和日冕之间的相互关系和它们在日冕加热和质量负荷的作用的理解，并提供物理约束喷流模型。 此外，研究结果还将揭示抛射前相关光球磁场的演变，以及日冕洞内外类似射流的抛射事件之间的物理性质差异。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project studies small-scale ejections in the Sun’s atmosphere, from photosphere through chromosphere to corona, that can have significant influence on the structure and dynamics of the solar corona and solar wind. The goal is to advance our understanding of compelling questions in solar physics, including the interrelationship among various small jet-like phenomena, their linkage to the variable magnetic field of the Sun, and their energy and mass contributions to coronal heating and acceleration of solar wind. The researchers will use high-resolution observations of the Sun from the Goode Solar Telescope (GST) in California and space-based observatories. Data analysis tools improved and/or developed by this project will be made publicly available and will help with science planning and analysis of other ground-based solar observations, especially using the NSF-funded Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. Research results will be incorporated into advanced courses offered by the New Jersey Institute of Technology, which serves a significant number of students from groups underrepresented in STEM.Small-scale jet-like ejections in the solar atmosphere, including chromospheric type II spicules, macrospicules, mini-filament eruptions, and transition region and coronal jets, come in different spatial and temporal scales and magnitude. These events may be associated with small-scale magnetic reconnection, responsible for providing the upward flux of energy and momentum and plausibly driving the small transients in the solar wind. A statistical study of high-resolution photospheric/chromospheric observations from GST combined with multiwavelength spectroscopic observations from the space-based Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and Hinode missions will be performed to derive the key characteristics, including sizes, lifetimes, occurrence rates, velocity, and mass and energy outputs of these small-scale ejections. Observational analysis, using inversion analysis of the differential emission measure and spectroscopic Doppler motion, will advance our understanding of the interrelationship among small-scale ejections in the chromosphere, transition region and corona and their role in the coronal heating and mass loading, and provide physical constraints to jet models. Additionally, the results will shed light on how the associated photospheric magnetic fields evolve prior to ejections and how the physical properties differ between the jet-like ejection events in and outside of coronal holes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.