Collaborative Research: How roots, regolith, rock and climate interact over decades to centuries — the R3-C Frontier

合作研究：根系、风化层、岩石和气候在数十年至数百年中如何相互作用 - R3-C 前沿

• 批准号: 2121621
• 负责人: Li Li
• 金额: $ 39.36万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2121621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; roots; regolith

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).This project will examine how the interaction of climate, the physical and chemical characteristics of the bedrock, and the action of vegetation, control the movement and storage of water and carbon on Earth’s surface. These processes in turn influence climate by altering important factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations like H2O and CO2. Human activities can change these pathways, and this research will enable the forecasting of the possible impacts upon the Earth-surface environment. To achieve this goal requires synthesizing existing datasets, collecting new data, and training teams of people in the fields of water science, geochemistry, soil science, geophysics, ecology, and Earth system modeling. The project will include 28 undergraduate students, four graduate students, and three postdoctoral scholars across seven universities to collectively explore how the interaction of plant roots and bedrock regulate water and carbon movement between the land and atmosphere. The project will also train 45 educators to develop discovery-based learning approaches in their classes, the products of which will be publicly accessible on available web platforms.This project will investigate when and to what degree bedrock exerts more control than roots on water and carbon fluxes. Using an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates new data collection, data harvesting, machine learning, and numerical modeling, this research will determine the mechanisms by which bedrock and fracture distributions govern the development of preferential flow paths. It will also examine depth, degree, and timing of coupling between the subsurface and atmosphere and its impact on water storage and fluxes. The project will explore how plant roots interact with bedrock to shape the subsurface structure, associated carbon storage, and transpiration rates. Methods will include 3D geophysical surveys and structural soil pore analyses to determine the occurrence of changes in the subsurface and how they govern root water uptake. Global in situ and remotely sensed data will be integrated via machine learning to discern emergent patterns in subsurface structure on larger scales. The project will leverage existing datasets and collect new data from the NSF Critical Zone Cluster Networks (CZCNs), National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) programs. The ultimate outcome will be a comprehensive framework of hydro-biogeochemical linkages to forecast how climatic conditions and subsurface structure regulate hydrological flow and the carbon cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。该项目将研究气候的相互作用，基岩的物理和化学特性以及植被的作用，如何控制地球表面水和碳的运动和储存。这些过程反过来又通过改变诸如H2O和CO2等温室气体浓度等重要因素来影响气候。人类活动可以改变这些途径，这项研究将有助于预测对地球表面环境可能产生的影响。为了实现这一目标，需要综合现有的数据集，收集新的数据，并在水科学，地球化学，土壤科学，地球物理学，生态学和地球系统建模领域培训团队。该项目将包括来自七所大学的28名本科生，四名研究生和三名博士后学者，共同探索植物根系和基岩的相互作用如何调节土地和大气之间的水和碳运动。该项目还将培训45名教育工作者在课堂上开发基于发现的学习方法，其产品将在现有的网络平台上公开访问，该项目将调查基岩何时以及在何种程度上比根系对水和碳通量施加更多的控制。使用跨学科的方法，结合新的数据收集，数据采集，机器学习和数值建模，这项研究将确定基岩和裂缝分布管理优先流动路径的发展的机制。它还将研究地下和大气之间耦合的深度，程度和时间及其对水储存和通量的影响。该项目将探索植物根系如何与基岩相互作用，以形成地下结构，相关的碳储存和蒸腾速率。方法将包括三维地球物理调查和结构土壤孔隙分析，以确定地下变化的发生以及它们如何控制根系吸水。 将通过机器学习整合全球现场和遥感数据，以识别更大规模地下结构的新模式。 该项目将利用现有的数据集，并从NSF临界区集群网络（CZCN），国家生态观测网络（氖）和长期生态研究（LTER）计划中收集新数据。最终成果将是一个水文地球化学联系的综合框架，以预测气候条件和地下结构如何调节水文流量和碳循环。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

The predominant control of hydroclimatic conditions on carbon and weathering fluxes at the hillslope scale

山坡尺度上水文气候条件对碳和风化通量的主导控制

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: American Geophysical Union annual conference
• 作者: Wen, Hang;Sullivan, Pamela;Billings, Sharon;Ajami, Hoori;Cueva, Alejandro;Flores, Alejandro;Hirmas, Daniel;Koop, Aaron;Murenbeeld, Kathryn;Zhang, Xi
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Xi

Embracing the dynamic nature of soil structure: A paradigm illuminating the role of life in critical zones of the Anthropocene

• DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103873
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Earth-Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 12.1
• 作者: P. Sullivan;S. Billings;D. Hirmas;L. Li;X. Zhang;S. Ziegler;K. Murenbeeld;H. Ajami;A. Guthrie-A.-G

The shallow and deep hypothesis: linking flow paths, biogeochemical reactions, and stream chemistry in the Critical Zone

浅层和深层假说：将关键区域的流动路径、生物地球化学反应和流化学联系起来

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: American Geophysical Union Annual conference
• 作者: Li, Li and

Increased {DOC} concentrations and earlier stream flow generation in response to warming in a high elevation mountain watershed in Colorado

科罗拉多州高海拔山区流域的变暖导致 {DOC} 浓度增加和水流生成提前

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: American Geophysical Union annual meeting
• 作者: Kerins, Devon;Zhi, Wei;Sullivan, Pamela;Williams, Kenneth;Brown, Wendy;Dong, Wenming;Carroll, Rosemary;Kirchner, James;Li, Li
• 通讯作者: Li, Li

From Soils to Streams: Connecting Terrestrial Carbon Transformation, Chemical Weathering, and Solute Export Across Hydrological Regimes

• DOI: 10.1029/2022wr032314
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: H. Wen;P. Sullivan;S. Billings;H. Ajami;Alejandro Cueva;A. Flores;D. Hirmas;A. Koop;K. Murenbeeld;Xi Zhang;Li Li-Li