Investigation of soil fungal communities in paddy soils - application of novol molecular techniques

在微生物学和土壤科学中，迫切需要开发新的方法来更好地了解土壤真菌病原体和参与分解过程的病原体的生态和适应行为。此外，我们对植物有益真菌生物体的了解有限，其中一个原因是，由于许多此类真菌不愿在琼脂平板上生长，因此检测参与此类过程的真菌往往很困难。近年来，直接核酸提取方法在土壤真菌生态学研究中得到了越来越广泛的应用，并开始在了解土壤真菌群落的遗传多样性方面取得重大进展。该项目致力于将现代分子技术DGGE和FISH与微土壤方法相结合来研究稻田土壤中的真菌群落。水稻土：利用16S rRNA靶向寡核苷酸探针(FISH)，水稻土中与土壤结构动态有关的微生物动力学将作为一个模型系统，因为缺乏关于干旱或收获后休耕条件下真菌的信息。我们的项目将解决稻田土壤真菌群落的发展与稻草等有机物质的可用性有关的问题。由于当地和全球对空气质量的担忧导致秸秆焚烧的减少或彻底禁止，寻找替代品变得至关重要，特别是对我们在中国的合作伙伴来说。他们是中德土壤科学和土壤环境研究小组的成员，在调查中国水稻土微生物群落方面已经有了相当多的经验。一个长期目标是在更好地了解稻草在稻田土壤中分解过程中细菌和真菌的相互作用的基础上，确定最佳的稻草管理做法。这可能对减少稻田土壤的甲烷排放至关重要，同时也对东亚实施可持续农业做法作出宝贵贡献。

There is a great need in microbiology and soil science to develop novel methods for a better understanding of the ecology and suit behaviour of soil fungi pathogens and those involved in decomposition processes. In addition, our knowledge of plant beneficial fungal organisms is limited, one reason being that detection of fungi involved in such processes is often difficult due to the reluctance of many such fungi to grow on agar plates. In recent years direct nucleic acid extraction approaches have become more widely applied during investigations of soil fungal ecology and are beginning to provide significant advances in understanding the genetic diversity of soil fungal communities. This project addresses the implementation of the modern molecular techniques DGGE and FISH in combination with micropedological methods to investigate fungal communities in rice paddy soils. Paddy soilsPaketantrag `Boden und Umweltforschung¿ TP3: Microbial dynamics in paddy soils related to soil structure dynamics using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (FISH) will serve as a model system, since there is a lack of information about their fungi under drought or post-harvest fallow conditions. Our project will address development of paddy soil fungal communities linked to the availability of organic matter such as rice straw. Since local and global air quality concerns have resulted in the reduction or outright banning of straw burning, the search for alternatives has become essential, especially for our partners in China. They are members of the Sino-German Research Group On Soil Science and the Soil Environment and have already had considerable experience in investigating microbial communities in Chinese paddy soils. One long-term objective is to identify optimal rice straw management practices based on a better understanding of the interaction of bacteria and fungi during rice straw decomposition in paddy soils. This might be crucial in reducing methane emissions from paddy soils, while also making a valuable contribution to the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices in East Asia.