EAGER: SAI: Socio-Technological Guided Enhancement of Power Infrastructure Resilience

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是美国国家科学基金会的一个项目，旨在促进以人为本的基础研究和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门的创新，发展经济，创造就业机会，使公共部门提供的服务更有效率，加强社区，促进机会平等，保护自然环境，加强国家安全，并推动美国的领导地位。为了实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI侧重于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何使有效基础设施的建设和维护成为可能，从而改善生活和社会，并以技术和工程的进步为基础。这项研究着眼于电网的故障，旨在提高人们对如何设计电网的理解，以确保美国最脆弱的人群不会最有可能经历和受到电网故障的伤害。恶劣天气是美国停电的主要原因。当电网无法提供可靠的服务时，由电网故障造成的中断可能会造成严重的不利影响，从经济损失到可能的生命损失。电网故障和电网故障的影响并不是在所有地区和社会环境中均匀分布的，这意味着在电网没有准备好应对电网故障的地方，停电更有可能发生，电网故障的影响更有可能伤害已经脆弱的社区和群体。该项目为加强美国关键基础设施提供了新的知识，包括电网基础设施以及其他已建成的基础设施和社会基础设施，这些基础设施形成了灾害响应管理中涉及的脆弱性。本研究创建了一个数据支持的决策框架，整合了社会经济和工程因素，以了解潜在电网故障的结果和影响。这包括首先汇总与天气有关的停电的社区一级电力恢复指标，并量化与了解电网停电影响相关的关键社会经济因素。随后，开发了一个社会经济工程框架，以便通过综合模拟平台检查不同的主动灾害响应计划。该平台允许考虑技术、政策和规划机制，这些机制将提供一种方法，为电网故障和响应弹性做准备，这种方法更强大、更有弹性，对脆弱社区的危害更小。该平台使用案例研究进行测试。预期的项目成果包括一个全面的电力基础设施恢复力分析框架，该框架可以通过评估电网故障作为一个社会技术问题，揭示大幅提高社区恢复力的计划。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.This study looks at failure of the electric grid, aiming to improve understanding of how the electric grid can be designed to ensure that the most vulnerable people in the U.S. are not also the most likely to experience and to be harmed by grid failure. Severe weather is the leading cause of power outages in the United States. Outages created by grid failure, when the electric grid fails to provide reliable service, can cause serious adverse impacts ranging from economic damage to possible loss of life. Grid failure and the impacts of grid failure are not distributed equally across all geographies and social settings, meaning that outages are more likely to occur in places where the grid is not prepared to respond to grid failure and the impacts of grid failure are more likely to harm already vulnerable communities and groups. This project provides new knowledge for strengthening American critical infrastructure, including the electrical grid infrastructure as well as other built infrastructures and social infrastructures that shape the vulnerabilities involved in disaster response management.This study creates a data-enabled decision-making framework integrating socioeconomic and engineering factors to understand the outcomes and impacts of potential grid failure. This involves first aggregating community-level power resilience metrics for weather-related power outages and quantifying key socioeconomic factors that are relevant to understanding the impacts of grid outages. Subsequently, a social-economic-engineering framework is developed to enable examination of different proactive disaster response plans through an integrated simulation platform. This platform allows for consideration of the technologies, policies, and planning mechanisms that would provide for an approach to preparing for grid failure and response resilience that is more robust and resilient and less harmful to vulnerable communities. The platform is tested using case studies. Expected project outcomes include a comprehensive power infrastructure resilience analysis framework, which can unveil plans to substantially improve for community resilience by assessing grid failure as a socio-technological issue.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.