How does sequential acquisition of nutritional resources modulate allocation decisions? A whole-organism perspective on life history tradeoffs

营养资源的顺序获取如何调节分配决策?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2122282
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 92.82万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Nutritional resources available to organisms are often limited in nature. Resources allocated to one trait are not available to other traits resulting in resource allocation tradeoffs. Such tradeoffs are at the foundation of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of all animals and plants. However, empirical evidence for tradeoffs has been surprisingly difficult to obtain. This is in part due to challenges associated with quantifying which and how much nutrients organisms obtain, and how these nutrients are distributed across the organism’s life. This study will examine how the common cabbage-white butterfly (Pieris rapae) obtains and allocates nutrients between two critical functions, flight vs. fecundity. This research is particularly novel in taking advantage of the most recent technological advances in nutritional physiology to directly trace the effects of specific nutrient inputs (e.g., amino acids and carbohydrates), literally second by second, as this butterfly hatches, grows, disperses, and reproduces. Results of this study will help resolve one of the big mysteries in understanding tradeoffs, why don’t we always see the tradeoffs that are predicted to exist? This project will also support Insect Discovery, an established outreach program that uses insects, like the cabbage-white butterfly, to teach biology to K-12 students. Using lessons learned during the COVID-19 closure, this grant will develop online content and extend the virtual teaching experience to underserved rural and tribal schools around the state of Arizona.Resource allocation tradeoffs occur because organisms can only acquire a finite amount of resources in their lifetimes and resources allocated to one trait are not available to other traits. Because of their importance, tradeoffs have been studied for well over 50 years, leading to a fairly robust theoretical understanding. Surprisingly however, tradeoffs are often not found in nature, even when they are predicted to exist. Most studies of tradeoffs measure traits at a particular instant in time. Yet, resource acquisition and allocation is a dynamic process that occurs throughout an organism’s life cycle. It is possible that resources allocated now will only be manifested in a tradeoff later. This research will integrate approaches from nutritional ecology with cutting-edge stable isotope tracer methodologies to determine the interplay between acquisition and allocation of specific nutrients and nutrient mixtures, both within and across all life stages, to understand the decision making processes associated with an important tradeoff, flight vs. fecundity, in Pieris rapae butterflies. Specifically, this project will address: 1) Can nectar-feeding ameliorate flight-fecundity tradeoffs? 2) How do flight-fecundity tradeoffs influence the ability of females to acquire additional resources? 3) How do different resource currencies modulate the expression of a flight-fecundity tradeoff? 4) How does nutrient provisioning in eggs mediate flight fecundity tradeoffs across generations? By tracking individual nutrients throughout a complete life cycle, egg to egg, a perplexing conundrum in evolutionary biology will be addressed: why don’t we see tradeoffs among traits when they are expected?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
生物体可利用的营养资源在自然界中往往是有限的。分配给一个特质的资源不可用于其他特质,导致资源分配权衡。这种权衡是我们理解所有动物和植物的生态学和进化的基础。然而,令人惊讶的是,很难获得权衡的经验证据。这在一定程度上是由于与量化生物体获得哪些营养物质和获得多少营养物质以及这些营养物质如何在生物体的生命中分布有关的挑战。本研究将探讨如何常见的白菜白蝴蝶(粉蝶)获得和分配两个关键功能,飞行与繁殖力之间的营养。这项研究在利用营养生理学的最新技术进步直接追踪特定营养素输入的影响(例如,氨基酸和碳水化合物),一秒一秒地,就像这只蝴蝶孵化、生长、扩散和繁殖一样。这项研究的结果将有助于解决理解权衡的一个大谜团,为什么我们总是看不到预测存在的权衡? 该项目还将支持昆虫发现,这是一个既定的推广计划,使用昆虫,如白菜白蝴蝶,教K-12学生生物学。 利用在COVID-19关闭期间吸取的经验教训,这笔赠款将开发在线内容,并将虚拟教学体验扩展到亚利桑那州周围服务不足的农村和部落学校。资源分配权衡的发生是因为生物体在其一生中只能获得有限数量的资源,分配给一个性状的资源不能用于其他性状。由于其重要性,权衡已经研究了50多年,导致了相当强大的理论理解。然而,令人惊讶的是,权衡往往没有发现在自然界中,即使他们被预测存在。大多数关于权衡的研究都是在特定的时刻测量特质。然而,资源的获取和分配是一个动态的过程,发生在整个生物体的生命周期。现在分配的资源可能只会在以后的交易中体现出来。这项研究将整合营养生态学的方法与尖端的稳定同位素示踪方法,以确定特定营养物质和营养物质混合物的获取和分配之间的相互作用,无论是在所有生命阶段内还是在所有生命阶段,以了解与一个重要的权衡,飞行与繁殖力,在粉蝶的决策过程。具体而言,本项目将解决:1)花蜜喂养改善飞行繁殖力权衡?2)飞行-繁殖力权衡如何影响雌性获得额外资源的能力?3)不同的资源货币如何调节飞行繁殖力权衡的表达?4)鸡蛋中的营养供应如何介导几代之间的飞行繁殖力权衡?通过跟踪整个生命周期中的个体营养,从一个卵到另一个卵,进化生物学中一个令人困惑的难题将得到解决:为什么我们没有看到预期的特征之间的权衡?该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

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