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NNA Research: Collaborative Research: Displacing Wood Use with Electric Thermal Storage Heating to Improve Ambient Air Quality

NNA 研究：合作研究：用电蓄热加热取代木材使用以改善环境空气质量

基本信息

批准号：
2127430
负责人：
Dominique Pride
金额：
$ 215.42万
依托单位：
University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127430&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NNA Research Collaborative Displacing Wood

项目摘要

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions among social systems, natural environment, and built environment in the following NNA focus areas: Arctic Residents, Data and Observation, Education, and Resilient Infrastructure.In Arctic regions, space heating is often a necessity, but burning fuel to heat living spaces has substantial financial and environmental costs. In the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska, for example, most households use heating fuel oil as their primary source of space heating and firewood as a secondary heating source. Wood-burning heating devices are the largest source of fine particulate matter with a size of 2.5 microns or less, (PM2.5), in the borough, but wood is a relatively low-cost fuel compared to heating fuel oil. The FNSB is classified as a nonattainment area for PM2.5, which is associated with negative impacts on cardiopulmonary health. Electric thermal storage heaters (ETSH) could help solve the PM2.5 problem by replacing the firewood currently used for residential space heating. This research aims to determine whether the use of residential ETSH can mitigate ambient PM2.5 air pollution and fuel poverty in Interior Alaska. This research has public health and policy implications for any community interested in reducing PM2.5 air pollution resulting from wood burning for residential space heating. It also has implications for Arctic communities interested in the relationship between wood burning and the carbon components of PM2.5. This research may lead to a broader adoption of ETSH for space heating, which could improve air quality, reduce fuel poverty, and reduce the carbon footprint of residential space heating. The project incorporates dimensions of the natural environment, built environment, and social systems through four components: 1) an ETSH field experiment; 2) air quality analysis and modeling; 3) economic analysis; and 4) air quality education. The research objectives of the project will: 1) measure the ambient PM2.5 air pollution in a treatment and control neighborhood before and after the installation of residential ETSH in the treatment neighborhood; 2) conduct emission inventories of the sources of PM2.5 in the control and treatment neighborhoods; 3) model the collected PM2.5 air pollution data, controlling for wind speed and direction, air temperature, and relative humidity, to determine if there is a measurable difference in ambient PM2.5 concentrations between the treatment and control neighborhoods; 4) measure the constituents and estimate the source contributions of PM2.5; 5) forecast how changes in fuel prices and increases in the number and concentration of ETSH may affect ambient PM2.5 air pollution in the FNSB; 6) estimate FNSB residents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for electricity to charge ETSH; 7) estimate short-run own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities of demand for residential heating fuels in the FNSB; 8) estimate the impact of ETSH on residential heating expenditures under different electricity rates; and 9) collaborate with FNSB teachers to develop and pilot curriculum materials for a science unit on PM2.5 air pollution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

航行新北极 (NNA) 是 NSF 的 10 大创意之一。 NNA 项目解决快速变化的北极地区的融合科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和全球的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。 NNA 授权从地方到国际范围内的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强正规和非正规教育方面的努力，并在适当的情况下整合知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下 NNA 重点领域的社会系统、自然环境和建筑环境之间的相互作用来实现这一目标：北极居民、数据和观测、教育和弹性基础设施。在北极地区，空间供暖通常是必需的，但燃烧燃料来为生活空间供暖会产生巨大的财务和环境成本。例如，在阿拉斯加的费尔班克斯北极星自治市 (FNSB)，大多数家庭使用取暖燃油作为空间供暖的主要来源，并使用木柴作为辅助供暖来源。燃烧木材的供暖设备是该行政区最大的 2.5 微米或更小的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 来源，但与取暖燃油相比，木材是一种成本相对较低的燃料。 FNSB 被列为 PM2.5 未达标地区，PM2.5 会对心肺健康产生负面影响。电蓄热式加热器 (ETSH) 可以通过取代目前用于住宅空间供暖的木柴来帮助解决 PM2.5 问题。本研究旨在确定住宅 ETSH 的使用是否可以减轻阿拉斯加内陆地区的 PM2.5 空气污染和燃料匮乏。这项研究对于任何有兴趣减少住宅空间供暖燃烧木材所造成的 PM2.5 空气污染的社区都具有公共卫生和政策意义。它还对对木材燃烧与 PM2.5 碳成分之间关系感兴趣的北极社区产生影响。这项研究可能会导致更广泛地采用 ETSH 进行空间供暖，从而改善空气质量，减少燃料匮乏，并减少住宅空间供暖的碳足迹。该项目通过四个组成部分整合了自然环境、建筑环境和社会系统的维度：1）ETSH 现场实验； 2）空气质量分析和建模； 3）经济分析； 4）空气质量教育。该项目的研究目标是：1）测量处理和控制小区安装住宅ETSH前后的环境PM2.5空气污染情况； 2）对控制和治理小区的PM2.5源排放清单进行清查； 3) 对收集的 PM2.5 空气污染数据进行建模，控制风速和风向、气温和相对湿度，以确定处理和控制社区之间的环境 PM2.5 浓度是否存在可测量的差异； 4）测量PM2.5的成分并估算其来源贡献； 5) 预测燃料价格的变化以及 ETSH 数量和浓度的增加可能如何影响 FNSB 环境 PM2.5 空气污染； 6) 估计 FNSB 居民支付 ETSH 电费的意愿 (WTP)； 7) 估计 FNSB 住宅取暖燃料需求的短期自价、交叉价格和支出弹性； 8）估算不同电价下ETSH对住宅供热支出的影响； 9) 与 FNSB 教师合作，为 PM2.5 空气污染科学单元开发和试点课程材料。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。