RUI: Processing ambiguity: From initial perception to race classification of multiracial faces in diverse observers

RUI：处理歧义：从最初的感知到不同观察者中多种族面孔的种族分类

• 批准号: 2127380
• 负责人: Debbie Ma
• 金额: $ 35.18万
• 依托单位: The University Corporation, Northridge
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Processing; ambiguity; initial; perception

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). America’s multiracial population represents one of its fastest growing segments. In the 50 years following the legalization of interracial marriage in the US, multiracial individuals have grown to represent 6.9% of the American population, a figure poised to triple by 2060. By their very nature, multiracial people challenge conventional either-or thinking about race, offering important avenues for improving race relations. This research investigates basic cognitive and social psychological influences on multiracial face perception with these broader impacts in mind. Understanding how perceivers think about and racially categorize multiracial people also has consequences for both the physical and mental well-being of multiracial individuals themselves. As a result, it has become increasingly important to understand how multiracial people think about their racial identity and how they are perceived by others. Research has consistently found that people are generally unable to categorize multiracial people as multiracial. Understanding why and under what circumstances people fail to recognize others as multiracial forms the basis for the current research. This project tests the hypothesis that the inability to identify multiracial people as multiracial is not universal but depends on the extent to which one’s past experiences foster a mental representation of multiracial others. It is predicted that people from areas with a relatively large multiracial population will be more attuned to multiracial faces than those with little prior exposure and will therefore be more likely to identify such faces as multiracial. This research also explores the elements of cognitive processing as they rapidly unfold during the perception of monoracial and multiracial faces. Using reaction time modeling and recordings of electrical brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG), the research aims to identify distinct stages of processing that occur between initially seeing a face and its eventual categorization. Unpacking these processing stages will allow an examination of how they differ when viewing a multiracial versus monoracial face, and how they may be differentially tuned by level of prior contact with multiracial people. Critically, the research fosters active student involvement by providing hands-on, technical training in scientific research methods and statistical procedures, professional development, and intensive mentorship of underrepresented students of color. These funds also allow for increased access to neuroscientific tools and training by traditionally underserved students, thereby diversifying the scientific pipeline for years to come.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分根据2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。美国的多种族人口是其增长最快的部分之一。在美国跨种族婚姻合法化后的50年里，多种族个体已经增长到占美国人口的6.9%，到2060年这一数字将增加两倍。就其本质而言，多种族的人挑战传统的非此即彼的种族思维，为改善种族关系提供了重要途径。本研究探讨了基本的认知和社会心理对多种族面孔知觉的影响，并考虑到这些更广泛的影响。了解感知者如何思考和种族分类多种族的人也有后果的身体和心理健康的多种族个体本身。因此，了解多种族的人如何看待他们的种族身份以及他们如何被其他人看待变得越来越重要。研究一直发现，人们通常无法将多种族的人归类为多种族。了解为什么以及在什么情况下人们不能承认其他人是多种族的形式的基础上，目前的研究。这个项目测试的假设，即无法识别多种族的人作为多种族是不普遍的，但取决于在何种程度上一个人的过去的经验，促进多种族的精神代表他人。据预测，来自多种族人口相对较多地区的人将比那些以前接触很少的人更适应多种族面孔，因此更有可能将这些面孔识别为多种族。本研究还探讨了认知加工的元素，因为他们迅速展开期间的知觉单一种族和多种族的面孔。使用反应时间建模和脑电图（EEG）记录脑电活动，该研究旨在识别最初看到人脸和最终分类之间发生的不同处理阶段。解开这些加工阶段将允许检查它们在观看多种族面孔与单一种族面孔时的差异，以及它们如何通过先前与多种族人接触的水平进行差异调整。至关重要的是，该研究通过在科学研究方法和统计程序，专业发展以及对代表性不足的有色人种学生的强化指导方面提供实践技术培训，促进学生积极参与。这些资金也使传统上服务不足的学生能够获得更多的神经科学工具和培训，从而使未来几年的科学管道多样化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。