Child Soldiers in Context. Biographies, familial and collective trajectories in northern Uganda

为了能够完成重建上帝抵抗军中前儿童兵重新融入社会进程的工作，以及这些进程与乌干达北部家庭传记和当地历史的相互联系，必须延长该项目。这项工作的重点将是更彻底地分析我们在前儿童兵日常生活中的相关星座方面的经验调查结果，因为这些星座与他们的重返社会有关。我们将继续分析我们的数据，包括在计划于2015年底（目前的资助阶段）进行的实地考察中收集的新数据。我们的研究结果远远超出了我们的预期。我们发现与受访者建立保密关系是可能的，这使我们能够获得非常密集的材料。此外，我们发现了比我们预期的更多种类的重返社会轨迹。有了这些材料，我们能够根据我们的经验调查结果，为围绕儿童兵的政治和规范争论作出重大贡献。为了开发这种潜力，我们需要进行额外的分析。与“回返者”及其亲属进行的多次访谈往往持续数小时，所收集的丰富数据表明，我们需要集中精力全面重建案件，并对非常不同的重返社会进程进行对比比较。我们将特别讨论以下问题，目的是使我们迄今为止能够制定的假设在经验上达到饱和：a)与开始远离家庭的新生活（通常是在城市环境中）相比，前儿童兵返回原来的社区或家庭有什么社会和心理动力学成本？有什么证据支持这样的假设，即这些社区和亲属团体期望前儿童兵否认他们曾参与或目睹叛军犯下的暴行，而这是（个人和集体）试图接受过去的障碍？b)在哪些相互作用中可以发现在前儿童兵中开始形成“我们”感觉和“我们”形象的迹象？出现这个问题是因为我们观察到，这种自我形象实际上是不存在的，这导致了无助感和社会孤立感。c)在阿赫利兰境内近亲未被武力征募的人身上，可以观察到回返者的哪些个人和集体形象，以及对他们的哪些行为模式？这在多大程度上符合关于大赦与和解的霸权话语？d)非被绑架者关于被绑架者的活动和言论在多大程度上符合被绑架者所描述的在“返回”后遭受歧视和侮辱的经历？

The extension of the project is necessary in order to be able to conclude the work of recon-structing the reintegration processes of former child soldiers in the Lord's Resistance Army, and the interconnectedness of these processes with family biographies and local history in northern Uganda. The work will be focused on a more thorough analysis of our empirical findings in respect of relevant constellations in the everyday life of former child soldiers as these relate to their reintegration. We will continue analysing our data, including new data to be gathered during the field trip planned for the end of 2015 (in the current funding phase). The results of our research have by far exceeded our expectations. We found it was possible to create confidential relationships with the interviewees, which enabled us to obtain very dense material. Moreover, we discovered a much greater variety of reintegration trajectories than we expected. With this material we are in a position to make substantial contributions to the politically and normatively charged debate surrounding child soldiers on the basis of our empirical findings. In order to exploit this potential, we need to make additional analyses. The richness of the data collected in the course of many interviews, often lasting several hours, with "returnees" and their relatives, show that we need to concentrate on comprehensive case reconstructions and a contrastive comparison of very different reintegration processes.We will address in particular the following questions with the aim of achieving empirical saturation of the hypotheses we have been able to formulate so far:a) What social and psychodynamic costs are bound up with the return of former child soldiers to their original communities or families, as compared with beginning a new life away from the family (often in an urban setting)? What evidence is there to support the hypothesis that these communities and kin groups expect former child soldiers to deny that they have participated in or been witnesses of atrocities committed by the rebels, and that this is an obstacle to (individual and collective) attempts to come to terms with the past? b) In which interactions is it possible to detect signs that a we-feeling and a we-image is beginning to develop among former child soldiers? This question arises because we have observed that such a we-image is practically inexistent, which leads to feelings of helplessness and social isolation. c) What individual and collective images of the returnees, and what patterns of conduct towards them, can be observed among people in Acholiland whose close relatives were not recruited by force? To what extent does this correspond to the hegemonial discourse on amnesty and reconciliation? d) To what extent do the activities and discourses of non-abductees in respect of the abductees correspond to what abductees describe as experiences of discrimination and stigmatization following their "return"?