CAS-Climate: Coupling Decarbonization of the Power System with Advance Planning for Integrating Negative Emission Technologies

CAS-气候：将电力系统脱碳与负排放技术整合的预先规划结合起来

• 批准号: 2132487
• 负责人: Michael Craig
• 金额: $ 28.75万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2132487&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAS; Climate; Coupling; Decarbonization; Power

Electric power system utilities are engaged in work to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions intensity of electricity generation. The ultimate aim is to reach near-zero carbon dioxide emissions. Effectively mitigating climate change will require power utilities to achieve negative, not near-zero, carbon dioxide emissions though. The term, negative emissions, denotes removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide that already was emitted, and meeting this goal will require massive deployment of two key negative emission technologies: direct air capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (DACS) and bioenergy with carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (BECCS). In DACS, sequestration is achieved through geologic, long-term storage of captured carbon dioxide in underground formations. In BECCS, energy is generated from burning fuels derived from biological sources, such as switchgrass, and the carbon dioxide produced from the combustion is again absorbed by growing new crops of this fuel source. Further research is needed into how to integrate DACS and BECCS into existing power generating systems. Robust approaches to evaluate how carbon dioxide removal via negative emissions technologies can fit into different systems are critically important. In this research project, the team will answer key questions including, how accounting for large-scale negative emission technologies integration in future power systems will affect near- or long-term decarbonization plans, and how different decarbonization and negative emission technologies integration pathways can be evaluated. Ultimately, the project will develop a novel framework driven by a power system long-term planning model and robust scenarios capturing the interactions between decarbonization of power systems and integration of negative emission technologies. This research project has three specific research objectives: reformulate, parameterize, and validate an optimization-based capacity expansion model to be capable of integrating negative emission technologies. Then, run this capacity expansion model through an experimental design incorporating decarbonization and negative emission technologies scenarios, analyze results, and then address uncertainty through sensitivity analyses. Finally, actively communicate results with the research, education, and power systems communities. Decarbonization decisions with near-term versus with long-term negative emissions targets in mind could lead to power systems with radically different generation, storage, and transmission features. Different features, in turn, could drive divergences in cost and feasibility and, ultimately, undermine achieving climate change mitigation targets. This research project aims to create knowledge about how to ensure that near-term actions are consistent with long-term carbon dioxide removal needs and how to optimize feasibility. The project team will publish policy briefs and share analyses through the Grid School at the Institute for Public Utilities, which trains utilities personnel, regulators, and others. The team also will develop a podcast miniseries introducing and contextualizing negative emissions technologies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

电力系统公用事业单位都在从事降低发电二氧化碳排放强度的工作。最终目标是接近零二氧化碳排放。然而，有效缓解气候变化需要电力公司实现负的二氧化碳排放，而不是接近零的二氧化碳排放。“负排放”一词指的是去除已经排放到大气中的二氧化碳，要实现这一目标，将需要大规模部署两项关键的负排放技术：二氧化碳的直接空气捕获和封存（DACS）和二氧化碳捕获和封存的生物能源（BECCS）。在DACS中，封存是通过将捕获的二氧化碳以地质方式长期储存在地下地层中来实现的。在BECCS中，能源是通过燃烧生物燃料（如柳枝稷）产生的，燃烧产生的二氧化碳再次被种植这种燃料源的新作物吸收。如何将DACS和BECCS集成到现有的发电系统中还需要进一步的研究。评估通过负排放技术去除二氧化碳如何适用于不同系统的可靠方法至关重要。在这个研究项目中，该团队将回答关键问题，包括：未来电力系统中大规模负排放技术集成将如何影响近期或长期的脱碳计划，以及如何评估不同的脱碳和负排放技术集成途径。最终，该项目将开发一个由电力系统长期规划模型和捕获电力系统脱碳与负排放技术集成之间相互作用的稳健情景驱动的新框架。本研究项目有三个具体的研究目标：重新制定、参数化和验证基于优化的产能扩张模型，以便能够整合负排放技术。然后，通过包含脱碳和负排放技术情景的实验设计运行该产能扩张模型，并对结果进行分析，然后通过敏感性分析解决不确定性。最后，积极与研究、教育和电力系统社区交流结果。考虑到短期和长期负排放目标的脱碳决策可能导致电力系统的发电、存储和传输特性完全不同。不同的特点又可能导致成本和可行性的差异，并最终破坏减缓气候变化目标的实现。该研究项目旨在创造有关如何确保近期行动与长期二氧化碳去除需求一致以及如何优化可行性的知识。项目团队将通过公共事业研究所的网格学校发布政策简报并分享分析，该学院负责培训公共事业人员、监管人员和其他人员。该团队还将开发一个播客迷你系列，介绍负排放技术并将其置于背景下。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。