EAGER: Self-incompatibility in elderberry

EAGER：接骨木浆果的自交不亲和性

• 批准号: 2133798
• 负责人: Bruce McClure
• 金额: $ 16.2万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2133798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Self; incompatibility; elderberry

Roughly half of the approximately 352,000 species of flowering plants on earth possess mechanisms that favor cross-pollination. This reproductive strategy is crucial for generating and sustaining the genetic diversity that plants need to survive and adapt. Humans rely on plant diversity both directly, for crop improvement, and indirectly, for ecosystem support. Many plants have evolved ways to recognize and reject self-pollen and pollen from close relatives. These so-called “self-incompatibility systems” are among the most common and effective mechanisms that prevent self-pollination and favor cross-pollination. To date, the genes controlling self-incompatibility, called S-genes, have been identified in only three systems that operate in a handful of plant families. This project will identify S-genes in elderberry, an emerging specialty crop rich in antioxidants that is used in wine, supplements, and other products. Candidate genes were identified using a novel approach prioritizing DNA sequence differences that could relate to pollen recognition as well as expression data. Experiments will evaluate these candidate genes by testing whether the presence or absence of particular S-genes reliably predicts what types of pollen are accepted or rejected. Other experiments will identify additional S-gene variants. The approach used to identify elderberry S-genes may be applied to additional self-incompatibility systems and, thus, further contribute to understanding maintenance of plant diversity. Self-incompatibility (SI) systems are among the most important genetic mechanisms plants use to control mating. Typically, the genes controlling SI, S-genes, have numerous allelic variants, and, basically, SI allows plants to reject pollen from potential mates with similar alleles. SI species are obligate outcrossers because self-pollen always has the same S-alleles as the pistil. Notwithstanding their outsized importance for plant diversity, evolution and adaptability, S-genes have only been identified in a handful of SI systems. Here, the overall goals are to elucidate a new SI system, identify the controlling S-genes, and facilitate their use in the scientific and agriculture communities. We characterized SI in elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and used RNASeq to identify candidate S-genes. Genetic experiments will ascertain whether these candidate S-genes truly control SI in elderberry. Four populations segregating for distinct S-allele candidates will be genotyped and test pollinated to determine whether they reject pollen from plants bearing the same alleles. Elderberry is an emerging specialty crop valued for potential health benefits, and additional S-alleles will be identified in elderberry and related plants to support the elderberry improvement community. Specifically, the project will allow breeders and producers to predict the crossing behavior of commercial varieties. Project activities related to elderberry production and improvement will be broadly disseminated via presentations, video, and Extension publications. The project also will contribute to human resource development by providing undergraduate research training in both laboratory- and field-based plant science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在地球上大约有352,000种开花植物中，大约有一半有利于交叉授粉的电势机制。这种生殖策略对于产生和维持植物生存和适应所需的遗传多样性至关重要。人类直接依靠植物的多样性来改善作物，并间接用于生态系统的支持。许多植物都进化了识别和拒绝近亲的自花和花粉的方法。这些所谓的“自我兼容系统”是防止自花授粉和偏爱交叉授粉的最常见和有效机制之一。迄今为止，仅在少数几个植物家庭中运行的三个系统中鉴定出了控制自花授粉的基因。该项目将在接骨木浆果中识别S-Genes，这是一种新兴的特种作物，富含抗葡萄酒，补充剂和其他产品的抗氧化剂。使用一种新的方法确定了候选基因，该方法优先考虑与花粉识别以及表达数据有关的DNA序列差异。实验将通过测试特定S基因的存在或不存在可靠地预测哪种类型的花粉被接受或拒绝来评估这些候选基因。其他实验将识别其他S-Gene变体。用于鉴定接骨木浆果的方法可以应用于其他自我兼容系统，因此进一步有助于了解植物多样性的维持。自我兼容（SI）系统是植物用来控制交配的最重要的遗传机制之一。通常，控制Si，S-Genes的基因具有许多等位基因变体，并且基本上，Si允许植物拒绝来自具有相似等位基因的潜在伴侣的花粉。 SI物种是义务脱落的，因为自主始终具有与雌蕊相同的S- learter。尽管它们对植物多样性，进化和适应性的重要性非常重要，但S-Genes仅在少数SI系统中被发现。在这里，总体目标是阐明新的SI系统，确定控制S-Genes并促进其在科学和农业社区中的使用。我们在接骨木浆果（Canadensis Sambucus）中表征了SI，并使用RNASEQ鉴定候选S-Genes。基因实验将确定这些候选S-Genes是否真正控制接骨木浆果的Si。四个种群将分离为不同的S贵族候选者，并通过基因分派授粉，以确定它们是否拒绝带有相同等位基因的植物的花粉。 Enterberry是一种新兴的特种作物，价值潜在的健康益处，并且将在接骨木浆果和相关植物中确定其他S替代作物，以支持接骨木浆果改善社区。具体而言，该项目将允许育种者和生产者预测商业变化的穿越行为。与接骨木浆果生产和改进有关的项目活动将通过演示，视频和扩展出版物广泛传播。该项目还将通过在基于实验室和现场的植物科学方面提供本科研究培训来为人力资源开发做出贡献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被视为通过评估来获得珍贵的支持。