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LTREB: Interactions Between Population and Ecosystem Dynamics, and the High-Amplitude Fluctuations of Midge Abundances in Lake Myvatn, Iceland

LTREB：人口与生态系统动态之间的相互作用以及冰岛米湖中蚊子丰度的大幅波动

基本信息

批准号：
2134446
负责人：
Anthony Ives
金额：
$ 67.44万
依托单位：
University of Wisconsin-Madison
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-02-15 至 2027-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2134446&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
LTREB Interactions Between Population Ecosystem

项目摘要

Ecosystems are complicated because they depend on large numbers of plants, animals, and microbes that depend on each other as well as the environment in which they live. This research focuses on an ecosystem, Lake Myvatn, that is simple in terms of the species that exist there, and is naturally unstable. Of the moderate number of herbivores in the lake, one has an outsized effect, a species of midge -- a non-biting, mosquito-sized insect -- that in its juvenile stage feeds at the bottom of the lake. In some years, the total weight of all adult midges swarming out of the lake is equivalent to the weight of 100 humpback whales, while in other years the total weight is equivalent to a few golden retrievers. These fluctuations in midge abundances are unpredictable, with natural crashes occurring every 4 to 10 years. The crashes are not caused by weather or anything outside the lake, and appear to be part of a natural instability of the lake itself. Many components of the lake ecosystem changes with midge fluctuations, from the breeding success of birds that depend on the midges as food to the activity of microbes that perform essential chemistry for the lake ecosystem. These processes occur in all ecosystems, but ecosystems that show this type of instability are extremely rare. By understanding what makes the Myvatn ecosystem naturally unstable, we can learn what makes other ecosystems as stable as they are, thereby giving us insight into predicting and managing other less-extreme ecosystems. The project will train graduate students and undergraduate interns. The research involves both long-term collection of biological and biogeochemical data from the Myvatn ecosystem and targeted experiments to test specific hypotheses. The data collection builds and expands on an existing long term database, with monitoring of some variables starting in the 1970s (adult midges) and 1980s (zooplankton, stickleback fish). The project has added weekly monitoring of many additional variables, including midge larval density, benthic primary production, and pelagic and benthic nutrients. The targeted experiments cover a wide range of research questions including (i) the role that midges play as ecosystem engineers, changing benthic conditions to increase primary production and possibly change nutrient cycling, (ii) the fluctuations in benthic ecosystem processes caused by spatiotemporal fluctuations in midge abundances and pelagic cyanobacteria blooms, and (iii) changes in benthic and algal species composition as both consequences and causes of midge population fluctuations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生态系统是复杂的，因为它们依赖于大量的植物、动物和微生物，这些植物、动物和微生物相互依赖，也依赖于它们所生活的环境。这项研究的重点是一个生态系统，Myvatn湖，这是简单的物种存在，自然是不稳定的。在湖中数量适中的食草动物中，有一种影响巨大，那就是一种蚊子--一种不咬人的蚊子大小的昆虫--在幼年阶段在湖底觅食。在某些年份，所有从湖中蜂拥而出的成年蠓的总重量相当于100头座头鲸的重量，而在其他年份，总重量相当于几只金毛猎犬。这些摇蚊丰度的波动是不可预测的，每4到10年就会发生一次自然崩溃。这些碰撞不是由天气或湖外的任何东西引起的，似乎是湖泊本身自然不稳定的一部分。湖泊生态系统的许多组成部分随着蠓的波动而变化，从依赖蠓作为食物的鸟类的繁殖成功到为湖泊生态系统执行基本化学作用的微生物的活动。这些过程发生在所有生态系统中，但表现出这种不稳定性的生态系统极为罕见。通过了解是什么使Myvatn生态系统自然不稳定，我们可以了解是什么使其他生态系统像它们一样稳定，从而让我们深入了解预测和管理其他不那么极端的生态系统。该项目将培训研究生和本科实习生。这项研究涉及从Myvatn生态系统长期收集生物和地球化学数据，以及有针对性的实验来测试特定的假设。数据收集建立并扩大了现有的长期数据库，从1970年代（成蚊）和1980年代（浮游动物、棘鱼）开始监测一些变量。该项目增加了对许多其他变量的每周监测，包括蠓幼虫密度、底栖初级生产量以及水层和底栖营养物。有针对性的实验涵盖广泛的研究问题，包括㈠蠓作为生态系统工程师的作用，改变底栖条件以增加初级生产并可能改变养分循环，㈡蠓丰度的时空波动和远洋蓝藻水华引起的底栖生态系统过程的波动，以及（iii）底栖生物和藻类物种组成的变化既是摇蚊种群波动的结果，也是其原因。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Opposing trends in survival and recruitment slow the recovery of a historically overexploited fishery

生存和补充的相反趋势减缓了历史上过度开发的渔业的恢复

DOI：
10.1139/cjfas-2021-0161
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Phillips, Joseph S.;Guðbergsson, Guðni;Ives, Anthony R.
通讯作者：
Ives, Anthony R.

What Can Evolutionary History Tell Us about the Functioning of Ecological Communities? The ASN Presidential Debate

DOI：
10.1086/726336
发表时间：
2023-07
期刊：
The American Naturalist
影响因子：
0
作者：
M. Mayfield;J. Lau;J. Tobias;A. Ives;S. Strauss
通讯作者：
M. Mayfield;J. Lau;J. Tobias;A. Ives;S. Strauss

Demographic Basis of Spatially Structured Fluctuations in a Threespine Stickleback Metapopulation

DOI：
10.1086/722741
发表时间：
2023-03-01
期刊：
AMERICAN NATURALIST
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Phillips，Joseph S. S.;Einarsson，Arni;Rasanen，Katja
通讯作者：
Rasanen，Katja

Aquatic insects balance growth with future supply of algal food resources

DOI：
10.1111/oik.09902
发表时间：
2023-10-10
期刊：
OIKOS
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Botsch，Jamieson C.;Book，K. Riley;Ives，Anthony R.
通讯作者：
Ives，Anthony R.

Disentangling the drivers of decadal body size decline in an insect population

解开昆虫种群十年间体型下降的驱动因素

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.17014
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Global Change Biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Botsch, Jamieson C.;Zaveri, Aayush N.;Nell, Lucas A.;McCormick, Amanda R.;Book, K. Riley;Phillips, Joseph S.;Einarsson, Árni;Ives, Anthony R.
通讯作者：
Ives, Anthony R.