Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the missing record of late Proterozoic tectonism along the western margin of Laurentia using deep-time thermochronology

合作研究：利用深时热年代学重建劳伦大陆西缘晚元古代构造运动的缺失记录

• 批准号: 2140481
• 负责人: Stephen Cox
• 金额: $ 23.61万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2140481&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconstructing; missing; record

Studies of sedimentary rocks provide geoscientists a record of Earth’s history, including the appearance and evolution of life, the growth and demise of mountains, and how the climate has changed. However, natural processes driven by plate tectonics mean that this sedimentary record is inherently incomplete. At different times during Earth’s history, some regions experienced sediment deposition, which buries and therefore heats up rocks, while other regions experienced erosion, which both removes portions of the rock record and cools off the rocks that persist by bringing them closer to Earth’s surface. This study will use the geochemical signatures of rock heating and cooling that occurs during deposition and erosion to understand the geologic histories of areas where no sedimentary rocks remain. Specifically, the study will investigate the ancient record of supercontinent breakup, a process that drives changes in sea level, global climate, and topography. This project will provide support for three early-career researchers at different universities, including two women, and build new relationships among the collaborating research groups. Three graduate and nine undergraduate students from different universities will be engaged in collaborative, hypothesis-driven research and learn a range of field, laboratory, and science communication methods. The researchers will also collaborate with the Idaho Museum of Natural History to create a mobile museum exhibit that will highlight the ancient history of the charismatic mountain ranges in the study area and visit museums that serve rural communities in the Rocky Mountains.Unconformities, which are abundant in the rock record, are traditionally viewed as unfillable gaps in the rock record of Earth’s history. However, the thermal imprint of sedimentary cover on the basement rocks that underlie many unconformities provides a rich archive of the otherwise inaccessible parts of a continent’s tectonic history. This record is now accessible due to recent conceptual and analytical advances in low-temperature thermochronology. The primary objective of this study is to contribute to these advances by targeting a critical gap in knowledge about Laurentian tectonics, the breakup of supercontinent Rodinia, while establishing an approach to deep-time thermochronology that can document Precambrian tectonic activity in regions that also experienced significant Phanerozoic mountain building. This study will sample along a 700-kilometer-long segment of western Laurentia’s rifted margin, targeting basement rocks directly below the Great Unconformity and using four chronometers to produce holistic tectonothermal histories to fill a billion-year gap in the rock record. This study will demonstrate how deep time thermochronology can provide a new perspective on the geometry and tectonic evolution of western Laurentia’s rifted margin, where much or all of the sedimentary record of Neoproterozoic tectonism is missing. This capability will be tested by (1) establishing a clear link between extant Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks and Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events in the Uinta Mountains, (2) documenting the Proterozoic thermal histories of basement blocks with no overlying Neoproterozoic strata in the Teton Range and southwestern Montana, and (3) quantifying intra-mountain range variability of Proterozoic thermal histories to evaluate the sampling spatial resolution necessary for extracting meaningful tectonic information from the deep-time thermochronologic record.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对沉积岩的研究为地球科学家提供了地球历史的记录，包括生命的出现和进化，山脉的生长和消亡，以及气候如何变化。然而，由板块构造驱动的自然过程意味着这种沉积记录本质上是不完整的。在地球历史的不同时期，一些地区经历了沉积物沉积，这将岩石掩埋并因此加热，而其他地区则经历了侵蚀，这既消除了部分岩石记录，又通过使岩石更接近地球表面而使岩石冷却。这项研究将利用沉积和侵蚀过程中发生的岩石加热和冷却的地球化学特征来了解没有沉积岩的地区的地质历史。具体来说，这项研究将调查古代超大陆分裂的记录，这是一个推动海平面、全球气候和地形变化的过程。该项目将为来自不同大学的三名早期职业研究人员提供支持，其中包括两名女性，并在合作研究小组之间建立新的关系。来自不同大学的三名研究生和九名本科生将参与合作，假设驱动的研究，并学习一系列领域，实验室和科学传播方法。研究人员还将与爱达荷州自然历史博物馆合作，创建一个移动博物馆展览，突出研究区域内迷人山脉的古代历史，并参观为落基山脉农村社区服务的博物馆。岩石记录中大量存在的不整合面，传统上被认为是地球历史岩石记录中无法填补的空白。然而，沉积盖层在基底岩石上的热印记，在许多不整合面之下，为大陆构造历史的其他部分提供了丰富的档案。由于最近在低温热年代学方面的概念和分析方面的进展，现在可以获得这些记录。本研究的主要目的是通过弥补Laurentian构造和Rodinia超大陆分裂的知识空白，为这些进展做出贡献，同时建立一种深时间热年代学方法，可以记录显生宙造山活动显著的地区的前寒武纪构造活动。这项研究将沿着劳伦西亚西部裂谷边缘700公里长的一段取样，目标是大不整合正下方的基底岩石，并使用四个计时器来产生整体的构造热历史，以填补岩石记录中数十亿年的空白。这项研究将展示深时热年代学如何为西劳伦西亚裂谷边缘的几何和构造演化提供一个新的视角，在那里大部分或全部新元古代构造运动的沉积记录都缺失了。这一能力将通过(1)在现存的新元古代沉积岩和温塔山脉的新元古代构造热事件之间建立明确的联系，(2)记录提顿山脉和蒙大拿西南部没有新元古代地层的基底块体的元古代热历史。(3)量化元古宙热历史的山脉内变异性，以评估从深时热年代学记录中提取有意义的构造信息所需的采样空间分辨率。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。