Understanding eye movements in skilled readers and novice readers: A behavioral and computational approach

当我们阅读时，感觉一次可以看到很多单词，但实际上我们一次只能看到一两个单词，足够清晰地阅读。熟练的读者非常擅长快速有效地移动眼睛看到一个单词并转移到下一个单词。这个项目是关于读者如何学习如何快速有效地进行眼球运动。世界各地和美国的许多人都在努力成为熟练的读者。这个项目将调查年轻读者如何成为熟练的读者，以及一个人必须获得什么知识才能成为熟练的读者。这一理解将有助于教师和临床医生制定更好的策略来帮助阅读困难的人。读者在计划眼球运动时会考虑许多信息来源，包括视觉特性，如单词长度或单词中哪些字母往往出现在一起。一个被低估的信息来源是语言学--读者根据他们的语言经验，了解哪些单词和短语往往相互跟随。这个项目将调查熟练读者用来指导眼动的语言信息，以及熟练读者和不熟练读者有何不同。熟练的成人读者和年轻的青少年读者将阅读在复杂性和可预测性(读者能够很好地预测下一个单词)方面不同的句子，同时测量他们的眼动。然后，计算模型将对阅读过程中的眼球运动进行建模和预测，以更好地了解语言因素和个人因素(如阅读体验)如何影响读者的眼睛移动。这项工作将为健康阅读发展的技能和知识提供信息，这是开发补救措施以帮助阅读困难的个人所必需的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

When we read, it feels like we can see many words at once, but in fact we can only see a word or two at a time clearly enough to read. Skilled readers are very good at quickly and efficiently moving their eyes to see a word and move on to the next. This project is about how readers learn to make these quick and efficient eye movements. Many individuals around the world and in the United States struggle to become skilled readers. This project will investigate how young readers become skilled readers and what knowledge someone must gain in order to become a skilled reader. This understanding will help teachers and clinicians develop better strategies to help individuals who struggle to read.Readers consider many sources of information when planning eye movements, including visual properties like word length or what letters tend to appear together in words. One underappreciated source of information is linguistic—a reader’s knowledge of what words and phrases tend to follow each other, based on their language experience. This project will investigate the linguistic information that skilled readers use to guide eye movements and how skilled and less skilled readers are different. Skilled adult readers and younger adolescent readers will read sentences that vary in complexity and predictability (how well a reader is able to anticipate what words are coming next) while their eye movements are measured. Then, a computational model will model and predict eye movements during reading to better understand how linguistic factors and individual factors, like reading experience, affect how readers move their eyes. This work will be informative of the skills and knowledge underlie healthy reading development, which is necessary to develop remediations to help individuals who struggle to read.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.