Understanding, Significance and Practical Concepts

该研究项目的目标是解释如何在语言哲学经典挑战的背景下构思和解释非语言理解过程，例如那些涉及工具行为或感知体验的过程。该项目的中心论点认为，高层次和语言介导的理解过程是有意义的，它来自于低层次和非语言、身体-感官（leiblich-sinnlich）介导的与环境的相互作用，这构成了意义。意义和意义被理解为相互构成的现象，在分析语言理解的前提条件的基础上，它们的相互关系可以被显示和明确。在这方面，我们将特别研究语言和非语言理解概念的相关性。作为思想的组成部分，概念被认为对两种理解都是必不可少的。最近的学术辩论将通过引入非语言实践概念的概念而扩大，这将被用来将工具行为和感知经验视为对世界的非语言依恋，尽管如此，这是一种理解方式。该研究项目将避免过于狭隘的理解概念，这种概念将理解概念化为语言命题理解模型，同时也将避免过于宽泛的概念，这种概念将理解等同于对不断变化的环境条件的可靠响应。通过将语言理解的先决条件的争论与最近关于语言存在的行为和经验中概念的相关性的心灵哲学的争论联系起来，该项目导致了一个新的，基于实用主义的理解概念，并勾勒出哲学和认知科学中表征范式的替代方案。在认知转向之后，语言哲学的更新也是一种寻求。

The research project pursues the goal of explaining how non-linguistic processes of understanding, e.g. those which are involved in instrumental behavior or perceptual experiences, are to be conceived and explained against the background of classical challenges in the philosophy of language. The central thesis of the project claims that high-level and linguistically mediated processes of understanding, which are meaningful, emerge from low-level and non-linguistic, bodily-sensual (leiblich-sinnlich) mediated interactions with the environment, which constitute significance. Meaning and significance are understood as mutually constitutive phenomena, whose interrelation can be shown and made explicit on the basis of an analysis of the preconditions of linguistic understanding. The relevance of concepts for linguistic and non-linguistic understanding will especially be examined in this regard. As constituent parts of thoughts, concepts are considered to be essential for both kinds of understanding. The recent scholarly debate will be broadened by introducing the notion of non-linguistic practical concepts, which will be used to conceive of instrumental behavior and perceptual experience as non-linguistic attachments to the world, which are nevertheless ways of understanding. The research project will avoid overly narrow concepts of understanding, which conceptualize understanding modeled on linguistically propositional understanding, as much as it will avoid overly broad concepts, which equate understanding with reliable responsiveness to changing environmental conditions. By linking the debate of the preconditions of linguistic understanding to recent debates in the philosophy of mind concerning the relevance of concepts in actions and experiences of linguistic beings, the project leads to a new, pragmatically grounded concept of understanding and sketches an alternative to the representational paradigm in philosophy and cognitive science. In this manner, a renewal of the philosophy of language after the cognitive turn is also sought.