Post-metaphysical philosophizing. Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology, and Logical Empiricism in comparative perspective

该研究项目旨在历史地和系统地确定批判理论，哲学人类学和逻辑经验主义之间的关系。到目前为止，关于这个主题的有限数量的论文突出了这三个有影响力的20世纪哲学运动之间的争议。这个项目提出了一个不同的阅读：它强调在“后形而上学哲学化”一词下所有三种方法之间的协同作用，这表现在它们与个别科学的纲领性合作，它们对封闭的形而上学系统的批判，以及它们对当代历史事件的哲学反思。这三个运动代表了现代性的不同“治疗方案”：通过克服统治（批判理论），恢复人类身份要求（哲学人类学）和启蒙通过科学（逻辑经验主义）的解放。两个目标指导调查：第一，它将显示如何形成的三个不同的运动，并面对彼此的概念之间的20世纪20年代至60年代，根据一个中心论点，重大的历史和系统的相似性可以追溯。其次，它将阐明1933年以来国家社会主义、移民、流亡和纳粹浩劫的激烈经历在这三股潮流的发展和关系中所起的作用。本研究项目对批判理论、哲学人类学和逻辑经验主义的发展和关系提供了一个相关的新理解，有助于更好地理解20世纪世纪哲学的三个决定性运动。

The research project seeks to historically and systematically determine the relationship between Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology and Logical Empiricism. So far, the limited number of available papers on the topic have highlighted the controversies between these three influential movements of 20th-century philosophy. This project proposes a different reading: It emphasizes synergies between all three approaches under the term “post-metaphysical philosophizing,” which is expressed in their programmatic cooperation with the individual sciences, their critique of closed metaphysical systems, and their philosophical reflection on contemporary events in history. All three movements represent different ‘therapy programs’ of modernity: liberation through overcoming domination (Critical Theory), retrieving human identity claims (Philosophical Anthropology), and enlightenment through science (Logical Empiricism). Two goals guide the investigation: First, it will show how the three distinct movements took shape and confronted each other about their conceptions between the 1920’s to the 1960’s whereby, according to one central thesis, significant historical and systematic similarities can be traced. Secondly, it will clarify what role the drastic experience of National Socialism, emigration, exile, and the Shoah since 1933 has played in the development and the relationship between the three currents. The research project thus offers a relevant new understanding of the development and the relationship between Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology, and Logical Empiricism, contributing to a better understanding of three decisive movements of philosophy in the 20th century.