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CAREER: Understanding the mechanisms that mediate the effects of local ecology on geographic mosaics of host-parasite interactions

职业：了解调节当地生态对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的地理镶嵌的影响的机制

基本信息

批准号：
2143899
负责人：
Sarah Knutie
金额：
$ 139.42万
依托单位：
University of Connecticut
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-15 至 2027-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2143899&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Understanding mechanisms mediate effects

项目摘要

Environmental temperatures can influence host-parasite relationships by affecting the effectiveness of host defenses and parasite survival. Experimentally elevated temperatures can favor the host’s immune response but can be at the upper thermal limits for which parasites survive and exploit the host. Temperatures can alternatively induce heat stress for hosts, reducing their capacity to resist parasites. This paradox suggests that the effect of temperature deviations on host-parasite interactions might be related to local adaptation to climate, which could explain geographical variation in the hosts’ immune response. The goal of this research is to use coordinated, experimental approaches to determine how environmental factors affect interactions between nest parasites and their box-nesting host, eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) across the eastern US. First, the research will examine the relationship among local environmental factors, nest parasite factors, and host nesting success with publicly available environmental data, as well as host and parasite data collected through a recently established, citizen science project: “Nest Parasite Community Science Project”. Next, the research will use coordinated experiments to determine how temperature affects host immune development and parasite survival across the bluebird’s range. The research will build lasting connections with K-12 teachers at underserved magnet schools and the public from the Nest Parasite Community Science Project through learning and being involved in the entire process of a scientific study. Not only can a relationship with nature promote mental health, but community-based science projects can help educate the public on environmental issues so that they make informed decisions in society.The proposed research examines host-parasite geographic mosaics by using coordinated, experimental approaches to determine how environmental factors affect host-parasite interactions across an environmental gradient. The central hypothesis is that variation in temperature is an important driver of host-parasite mosaics, and the outcome of which is mediated by the differential effects of temperature on parasite fitness and early-life host immunological resistance across the host range. The research will test this hypothesis by spatially and temporally modeling local environmental factors, presence and abundance of nest parasite taxa, and host nesting success across the host’s range. The research will also determine whether experimental changes in temperature during the different stages of development influences outcomes of early-life immunity against parasites. Specifically, temperature (hotter, colder, no change) will be manipulated at different host developmental stages, before and while host and parasites are interacting, and changes in immune mechanisms and nest parasite factors will be characterized. Coordinated efforts across multiple scales are critically needed to causally determine the underlying mechanisms that create and maintain host-parasite geographic mosaics across an environmental gradient. To be in multiple places at the same time requires collaborations with research scientists or community-based scientists across a multitude of locations. By creatively linking the general public, professors, and K-12, undergraduate, and graduate students, the proposed research promises to provide novel insights into the emerging field of eco-evo dynamics through transforming our understanding of the causal environmental factors and mechanisms that facilitate host-parasite geographic mosaics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

环境温度可以通过影响宿主防御的有效性和寄生虫的生存来影响宿主与寄生虫的关系。实验上的高温有利于宿主的免疫反应，但可能处于寄生虫生存和利用宿主的上限温度。温度也会给寄主带来热应激，降低它们抵抗寄生虫的能力。这一悖论表明，温度偏差对寄主-寄生虫相互作用的影响可能与当地对气候的适应有关，这可以解释宿主免疫反应的地理差异。这项研究的目标是使用协调的实验方法来确定环境因素如何影响巢寄生虫与它们在美国东部的盒子筑巢宿主-东部蓝鸟(Sialia Sialis)之间的相互作用。首先，这项研究将利用可公开获得的环境数据，以及通过最近建立的公民科学项目(Nest Parasite Community Science Project)收集的宿主和寄生虫数据，来研究当地环境因素、巢寄生虫因素和宿主筑巢成功之间的关系。接下来，这项研究将使用协同实验来确定温度如何影响蓝鸟范围内的宿主免疫发育和寄生虫存活。这项研究将通过学习和参与科学研究的整个过程，与服务不足的磁铁学校的K-12教师和Nest寄生虫社区科学项目的公众建立持久的联系。与自然的关系不仅可以促进心理健康，而且基于社区的科学项目可以帮助公众在环境问题上进行教育，以便他们在社会上做出明智的决定。拟议的研究通过使用协调的实验方法来检查宿主和寄生虫的地理马赛克，以确定环境因素如何影响跨越环境梯度的宿主和寄生虫的相互作用。中心假设是温度变化是宿主-寄生虫嵌合体的重要驱动因素，其结果是温度对宿主范围内寄生虫适合度和早期宿主免疫抗性的不同影响所介导的结果。这项研究将通过在空间和时间上模拟当地环境因素、巢寄生虫分类群的存在和丰富以及宿主在整个宿主范围内的筑巢成功来验证这一假设。这项研究还将确定不同发育阶段温度的实验变化是否会影响针对寄生虫的早期生命免疫结果。具体地说，在宿主和寄生虫相互作用之前和期间，温度(更热、更冷、不变)将在不同的宿主发育阶段受到控制，并将表征免疫机制和巢寄生虫因素的变化。迫切需要多个尺度上的协调努力，以因果关系确定在环境梯度上创建和维持宿主-寄生虫地理马赛克的潜在机制。要同时出现在多个地方，需要与多个地点的研究科学家或社区科学家合作。通过创造性地将普通公众、教授和K-12、本科生和研究生联系起来，拟议的研究有望通过改变我们对促进宿主-寄生虫地理镶嵌的因果环境因素和机制的理解，为新兴的生态环境动力学领域提供新的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。