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CAREER: Fundamentals and synthesis of new compositions and shapes/microstructures of 3D and 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides (MAX phases and MXenes)

职业：3D 和 2D 碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物（MAX 相和 MXene）的新成分和形状/微观结构的基础知识和合成

基本信息

批准号：
2143982
负责人：
Christina Birkel
金额：
$ 78.81万
依托单位：
Arizona State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-02-01 至 2027-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2143982&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Fundamentals synthesis new compositions

项目摘要

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The discovery of new, and better, materials can lead to advances in new and innovative technologies, for example centered around batteries, sensors, and magnets. This materials discovery together with understanding their characteristics, such as their structure and properties, and how these factors can be influenced during their preparation are therefore of utmost importance for our economy and society securing the country’s prosperity. With this CAREER award, Professor Christina Birkel at Arizona State University will investigate materials that contain different metals and either carbon or nitrogen (or both), called carbides or nitrides (carbonitrides), respectively. These materials offer a huge playground for the discovery of new types of materials with useful properties since the researchers (i) mix and match different elements, and (ii) produce them in different shapes. The creation of (hollow) spheres, films, or wires paves the way to even more areas where these materials can be utilized. One can, for example, envision to integrate the wires into fabrics and produce wearable electronics that monitor sweat levels or produce energy on-the-go. Furthermore, the team can break these layered solids down into atomically thin sheets, which is less than one-billionth of a meter (less than a nanometer). Reaching this type of size regime, special physical phenomena occur that are not accessible in the larger structures. All of these new types of materials are an ideal platform to connect to and educate the public, local high-school and campus communities (through seminars and student involvements), and to increase the impact and visibility of Materials Science and Chemistry within Arizona, the US and worldwide (through winter schools and social media). Prof. Birkel will develop an inclusive program to strengthen education, mentoring and recruitment efforts through being role models and creating future role models in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math).TECHNICAL SUMMARY With this CAREER award, Professor Christina Birkel at Arizona State University will synthesize new members as well as new shapes and microstructures of the three- and two-dimensional layered compounds that belong to the families of MAX phases and MXenes. The main target materials are: (i) (Carbo)nitrides, because they are scarce and therefore much less explored than the respective carbides yet hold promise for improved mechanical stability (solid solution strengthening) and higher conductivities (additional electron of the nitrogen) and (ii) Cr-, Mn- and Mo-containing phases, because of intriguing magnetic (Cr, Mn) and catalytic behavior (Mo) whose investigations are still in their infancy. This proposal has a strong and distinguishing focus on wet chemical-assisted techniques which (i) benefit from intimate mixing of the precursors on the atomic/molecular scale and with that typically reduced reaction times and temperatures (this leads to MAX phase particles instead of the typical bulky structures and can also stabilize metastable phases), and (ii) allow for advanced processing of the liquid/gel precursor mixture into additional shapes, e.g. wires and hollow microspheres, that would not be possible with powders used in solid-state reactions. To evaluate their stability/degradation and functional properties, the materials will be subject to mechanical testing (nanoindentation) and calorimetry as well as electronic/magnetic transport and catalytic measurements. The outcome of this proposal will be the synthesis of entirely new types of structural and functional materials and will lay the groundwork for various application-based areas, such as construction (self-healing materials, refractory materials), energy technologies (magnetocalorics, catalysts, sensors), consumer electronics (coatings) and electronic textiles (“smart”/functional fabrics). These materials are an ideal platform to connect to and educate the public, local high-school and campus communities (through seminars and student involvements), and to increase the impact and visibility of Materials Science and Chemistry within Arizona, the US and worldwide (through winter schools and social media). The team develops an inclusive program to strengthen education, mentoring and recruitment efforts through being role models and creating future role models in STEM with the goal to break down barriers and demonstrate that there is space in science for everyone.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术概要该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（Public Law 117-2）资助。新的、更好的材料的发现可以推动新技术和创新技术的进步，例如围绕电池、传感器和磁铁。因此，这种材料的发现，以及了解它们的特性，如它们的结构和性能，以及这些因素在制备过程中如何受到影响，对于我们的经济和社会确保国家繁荣至关重要。有了这个职业奖，亚利桑那州立大学的克里斯蒂娜·伯克尔教授将研究含有不同金属和碳或氮（或两者）的材料，分别称为碳化物或氮化物（碳氮化物）。这些材料为发现具有有用特性的新型材料提供了一个巨大的游乐场，因为研究人员（i）混合和匹配不同的元素，（ii）以不同的形状生产它们。（空心）球体、薄膜或导线的产生为这些材料的更多应用领域铺平了道路。例如，人们可以设想将电线集成到织物中，并生产可穿戴电子产品，以监测汗液水平或在移动中产生能量。此外，该团队还可以将这些层状固体分解成原子级的薄片，其厚度小于十亿分之一米（小于一纳米）。达到这种类型的大小制度，特殊的物理现象发生，在较大的结构是不可访问的。所有这些新型材料都是一个理想的平台，可以连接和教育公众，当地高中和校园社区（通过研讨会和学生参与），并增加材料科学和化学在亚利桑那州，美国和全球的影响力和知名度（通过冬季学校和社交媒体）。伯克尔将制定一项包容性计划，通过成为榜样和创造STEM未来的榜样，加强教育，指导和招聘工作（科学、技术、工程和数学）。技术概要有了这个职业奖，亚利桑那州立大学的克里斯蒂娜·伯克尔教授将合成新的成员，以及三个和两个的新形状和微观结构，属于MAX相和MXene族的三维层状化合物。主要目标材料为：（i）（碳）氮化物，因为它们是稀缺的，因此比相应的碳化物少得多的探索，但有望改善机械稳定性（固溶体强化）和更高的导电性（氮的额外电子），以及（ii）含Cr、Mn和Mo的相，因为有趣的磁性（Cr、Mn）和催化行为（Mo），其研究仍处于起步阶段。该提议强烈且独特地关注湿化学辅助技术，其（i）受益于原子/分子尺度上的前体的紧密混合，并且通常减少反应时间和温度（这导致MAX相颗粒而不是典型的大体积结构，并且还可以稳定亚稳相），和（ii）允许将液体/凝胶前体混合物进一步加工成另外的形状，例如线和中空微球，这对于固态反应中使用的粉末是不可能的。为了评估其稳定性/降解和功能特性，材料将接受机械测试（纳米压痕）和量热法以及电子/磁性传输和催化测量。该提案的成果将是合成全新类型的结构和功能材料，并将为各种应用领域奠定基础，如建筑（自修复材料、耐火材料）、能源技术（磁热、催化剂、传感器）、消费电子产品（涂层）和电子纺织品（“智能”/功能织物）。这些材料是一个理想的平台，可以连接和教育公众，当地高中和校园社区（通过研讨会和学生参与），并增加亚利桑那州，美国和全球范围内材料科学和化学的影响力和知名度（通过冬季学校和社交媒体）。该团队开发了一个包容性的计划，通过成为STEM领域的榜样和创造未来的榜样来加强教育，指导和招聘工作，目标是打破障碍，证明每个人都有科学的空间。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响力审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。