CAREER: Engineering-Centric Thunderstorm Hazard and Loading Characterization

该学院早期职业发展(CALEAR)奖支持专注于推进结构和风能工程的雷暴风险评估的研究。雷暴产生的风(即雷暴风)是造成风暴损失的主要原因。建筑物和其他结构的设计是基于大气边界层(ABL)流动的全尺寸测量。收集的近地面雷暴风的有限风速数据表明，它们具有不同于ABL的特性，而ABL又反过来影响结构的风荷载。由于缺乏全尺度风速数据，数值模拟和实验模拟的结果难以验证。这项研究将获得全面的实地测量，以填补空间和时间尺度上的关键空白，并包括风速和风载的联合测量。这些测量将被吸收到新的和更新的雷暴工程模型和框架中。为了增加对雷暴重要性的更广泛了解，将开始与美国国家科学基金会(NSF)支持的佛罗里达国际大学和佛罗里达大学的自然灾害工程研究基础设施(NHERI)风工程设施合作，以促进计算和实验风工程的研究，在这些工程中，现场测量是模拟的关键需求。公众的参与和教育将通过公民科学、关于风灾的K-12外展计划和当地媒体采访进行。这一奖项将有助于国家科学基金会在国家减少风暴影响计划(NWIRP)中发挥作用。项目数据将被存档在国家科学研究院数据仓库(https://www.DesignSafe-ci.org).There目前没有雷暴风的ABL模拟，部分原因是在与工程有关的特征，如风的垂直剖面上观察到很大的变异性。该项目将侧重于以高时空分辨率对地面附近的风速和风载进行配置和4维测量，这将使工程成为中心焦点。具体地说，该项目的第一项任务将是在伊利诺伊州的一个固定地点测量雷暴风的风和风载荷特征，其中将包括分布广泛和密集的传感器。这一目标将得到第二项任务和第三项任务的补充，第二项任务是使用流动仪器通过实地部署测量风和风致负荷，第三项任务是根据灾后损失调查推断雷暴风特征。第四项任务将根据收集到的数据建立新的经验函数和雷暴风场模型。这些功能和模型将纳入不同的雷暴风类型(例如，反回声和孤立的下击暴流)，并将改善对观测到的变率的理解。收集新的和独特的数据集将促进雷暴风的新的和基本的发现。这项研究旨在建立一个全面的基于工程的雷暴模型，类似于为热带气旋开发的雷暴模型。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award supports research focused on advancing thunderstorm risk assessment for structural and wind engineering. Winds generated from thunderstorms (i.e., thunderstorm winds) are responsible for a significant proportion of windstorm losses. Buildings and other structures are designed based on full-scale measurements in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow. The limited wind speed data collected on thunderstorm winds near the ground show they possess different properties than the ABL, which in turn influences wind loading on structures. Due to the lack of full-scale wind speed data, the results of numerical and experimental simulations are difficult to validate. This research will obtain comprehensive field measurements that will fill critical gaps in spatial and temporal scales and include joint measurements of wind speed and wind loading. These measurements will be assimilated into new and updated engineering models and frameworks for thunderstorms. To increase broader knowledge of thunderstorm importance, collaboration with the National Science Foundation (NSF)-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) wind engineering facilities at Florida International University and the University of Florida will commence to stimulate research in computational and experimental wind engineering where field measurements are a critical need for simulation. Engaging and educating the public will take place through citizen science, K-12 outreach programs on wind hazards, and local media interviews. This award will contribute to the NSF role in the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP). Project data will be archived in the NHERI Data Depot (https://www.DesignSafe-ci.org).There is currently no ABL analog for thunderstorm winds, due in part to the large variability observed in characteristics relevant to engineering such as vertical profiles of the wind. This project will focus on collocated and 4-D measurements of wind speed and wind loading near the ground at high spatiotemporal resolution that places engineering as the central focus. Specifically, the first task of the project will be to measure wind and wind loading characteristics of thunderstorm winds at a fixed site in Illinois, which will include widely and densely distributed sensors. This objective will be complemented by the second task, which is the measurement of wind and wind-induced loading through field deployments using mobile instrumentation, and the third task, which is the inference of thunderstorm wind characteristics from post-event damage surveys. The fourth task will build new empirical functions and thunderstorm wind field models based on the data collected. These functions and models will incorporate different thunderstorm wind types (e.g., derecho and isolated downburst) and will improve understanding of observed variability. Collection of new and unique datasets will promote new and fundamental discoveries for thunderstorm winds. This research aims toward a comprehensive engineering-based thunderstorm model similar to those developed for tropical cyclones.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.