PREEVENTS Track 1: Tornado Hazard Wind Assessment and Reduction Symposium

预防措施第一轨：龙卷风灾害风评估和减少研讨会

• 批准号: 1748687
• 负责人: Franklin Lombardo
• 金额: $ 4.77万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1748687&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PREEVENTS; Track; Tornado; Hazard; Wind

Windstorms, on an annual basis, typically cause the most insured losses of any natural hazard. A subset of windstorms, tornadoes, cause a significant amount of these losses. Although high-resolution research radars have given great insight into tornado structure and intensity, they are almost exclusively limited to sampling at tens of meters above the surface and higher. It follows then that the near-surface (i.e., lower than 10 m) wind fields of tornadoes are poorly sampled. The wind field in the near-surface has been shown to be the most complex, variable and intense in some cases. The wind field at these levels overwhelmingly contributes to the damage and losses to the built infrastructure. To fill-in current understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatiotemporal scales and the variability inherent in these events, more comprehensive information on the near-surface tornado hazard is needed. To supplement radar, the built (e.g., structures) and natural (e.g., trees) environment are examples of indicators that can improve characterization of near-surface tornadic winds. This requires bringing expertise from multiple disciplines including severe storm meteorology, wind engineering and structural engineering. A two-day symposium will be held at the University of Illinois in spring or summer of 2018 to foster the needed collaboration between experts in these relevant disciplines. Research collaboration between severe storm meteorologists, wind engineers and structural engineers will create a truly comprehensive view of the problem with tornadoes and could lead to a new research area. Students and early-career researchers will have the opportunity to present their work and to build the foundation for long-lasting relationships with researchers in the other relevant disciplines. From a societal standpoint, material presented at the symposium can eventually aid forecasters to alert the public to the potential consequences (e.g., damage) and will set the stage for a reduction of losses incurred by the public through warnings and mitigation techniques.This symposium will focus discussions toward enhancing understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatial and temporal scales, as well as the variability inherent in these events through radar, in-situ and damage measurements to the built and natural environment. Feedback mechanisms of tornado genesis and subsequent intensity to the built environment will also be explored through these measurements and subsequent simulation and modeling studies. Better assessment of damage can lead to more accurate estimation of cascading effects such as disruption of power and downtime caused by these types of losses. Discussion of the above goals contributes directly to the enhancement of societal preparedness and resilience. Therefore, discussions will include mitigation and recovery of infrastructure and communities through better understanding of damage patterns and subsequent consequences in tornadoes. Information on tornado genesis and the dynamics of tornadoes to be discussed will help forecasters alert the public to these potential consequences.

每年一次的风暴通常会造成任何自然灾害中最大的保险损失。风暴的一个子集，龙卷风，造成了这些损失的显着数额。虽然高分辨率的研究雷达对龙卷风的结构和强度有很好的了解，但它们几乎只限于在地面以上几十米或更高的地方进行采样。近地面（即，低于10 m）龙卷风风场的采样很差。近地面的风场在某些情况下是最复杂、最多变和最强烈的。这些级别的风场对已建基础设施的破坏和损失起着压倒性的作用。要填补在各种时空尺度上的基本过程的基本龙卷风和这些事件的固有的可变性，更全面的近地表龙卷风灾害的信息是必要的。为了补充雷达，内置的（例如，结构）和天然（例如，树木）环境是可以改善近地面龙卷风特征的指标的例子。这需要从多个学科带来专业知识，包括严重风暴气象学，风力工程和结构工程。为期两天的研讨会将于2018年春季或夏季在伊利诺伊大学举行，以促进这些相关学科专家之间的必要合作。强风暴气象学家、风力工程师和结构工程师之间的研究合作将为龙卷风问题创造一个真正全面的视角，并可能导致一个新的研究领域。学生和早期职业研究人员将有机会展示他们的工作，并与其他相关学科的研究人员建立长期关系的基础。从社会的角度来看，在研讨会上提出的材料最终可以帮助预报员提醒公众注意潜在的后果（例如，本次研讨会将集中讨论如何通过雷达、现场测量和对建筑和自然环境的损害测量，提高对龙卷风在不同时空尺度上的基本过程以及这些事件固有的可变性的理解。通过这些测量和随后的模拟和建模研究，也将探讨龙卷风成因和随后的强度对建筑环境的反馈机制。更好地评估损失可以导致更准确地估计级联效应，例如这些类型的损失造成的电力中断和停机时间。对上述目标的讨论直接有助于加强社会备灾能力和复原力。因此，讨论将包括通过更好地了解龙卷风的破坏模式和随后的后果来减轻和恢复基础设施和社区。关于龙卷风成因和龙卷风动力学的信息将有助于预报员提醒公众注意这些潜在的后果。