PREEVENTS Track 1: Tornado Hazard Wind Assessment and Reduction Symposium

在所有自然灾害中，每年的风暴通常会造成最大的保险损失。风暴的一个子集，龙卷风，造成了相当大的损失。尽管高分辨率研究雷达对龙卷风的结构和强度有了很大的洞察，但它们几乎仅限于在地表以上几十米的地方进行采样。因此，龙卷风的近地表(即低于10米)风场的采样很差。近地表的风场在某些情况下是最复杂、最多变、最强烈的。这些级别的风场对已建成的基础设施造成了压倒性的破坏和损失。为了补充目前对龙卷风在各种时空尺度上的基本过程以及这些事件固有的变异性的理解，需要更全面地了解近地表龙卷风的危害。作为对雷达的补充，建筑物(如建筑物)和自然环境(如树木)是可改善近地表龙卷风特征的指标。这需要带来来自多个学科的专业知识，包括强风暴气象学、风工程和结构工程。为期两天的研讨会将于2018年春或夏在伊利诺伊大学举行，以促进这些相关学科的专家之间所需的合作。强风暴气象学家、风能工程师和结构工程师之间的研究合作将真正全面地了解龙卷风问题，并可能导致一个新的研究领域。学生和职业生涯早期的研究人员将有机会展示他们的工作，并为与其他相关学科的研究人员建立长期的关系奠定基础。从社会的角度来看，研讨会上提供的材料最终可以帮助预报员提醒公众注意潜在的后果(例如，损害)，并将为通过警告和缓解技术减少公众造成的损失奠定基础。本次研讨会将集中讨论，通过对建筑和自然环境的雷达、现场和损害测量，加强对龙卷风背后的各种空间和时间尺度上的基本过程以及这些事件固有的变异性的了解。通过这些测量以及随后的模拟和模拟研究，还将探索龙卷风的发生和随后的强度对建成环境的反馈机制。更好的损害评估可以更准确地估计连锁影响，如由这些类型的损失造成的电力中断和停机时间。对上述目标的讨论直接有助于加强社会的防备和复原力。因此，讨论将包括通过更好地了解龙卷风的破坏模式和后续后果，减轻和恢复基础设施和社区。有关龙卷风成因和龙卷风动态的信息将有助于天气预报员提醒公众注意这些潜在的后果。

Windstorms, on an annual basis, typically cause the most insured losses of any natural hazard. A subset of windstorms, tornadoes, cause a significant amount of these losses. Although high-resolution research radars have given great insight into tornado structure and intensity, they are almost exclusively limited to sampling at tens of meters above the surface and higher. It follows then that the near-surface (i.e., lower than 10 m) wind fields of tornadoes are poorly sampled. The wind field in the near-surface has been shown to be the most complex, variable and intense in some cases. The wind field at these levels overwhelmingly contributes to the damage and losses to the built infrastructure. To fill-in current understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatiotemporal scales and the variability inherent in these events, more comprehensive information on the near-surface tornado hazard is needed. To supplement radar, the built (e.g., structures) and natural (e.g., trees) environment are examples of indicators that can improve characterization of near-surface tornadic winds. This requires bringing expertise from multiple disciplines including severe storm meteorology, wind engineering and structural engineering. A two-day symposium will be held at the University of Illinois in spring or summer of 2018 to foster the needed collaboration between experts in these relevant disciplines. Research collaboration between severe storm meteorologists, wind engineers and structural engineers will create a truly comprehensive view of the problem with tornadoes and could lead to a new research area. Students and early-career researchers will have the opportunity to present their work and to build the foundation for long-lasting relationships with researchers in the other relevant disciplines. From a societal standpoint, material presented at the symposium can eventually aid forecasters to alert the public to the potential consequences (e.g., damage) and will set the stage for a reduction of losses incurred by the public through warnings and mitigation techniques.This symposium will focus discussions toward enhancing understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatial and temporal scales, as well as the variability inherent in these events through radar, in-situ and damage measurements to the built and natural environment. Feedback mechanisms of tornado genesis and subsequent intensity to the built environment will also be explored through these measurements and subsequent simulation and modeling studies. Better assessment of damage can lead to more accurate estimation of cascading effects such as disruption of power and downtime caused by these types of losses. Discussion of the above goals contributes directly to the enhancement of societal preparedness and resilience. Therefore, discussions will include mitigation and recovery of infrastructure and communities through better understanding of damage patterns and subsequent consequences in tornadoes. Information on tornado genesis and the dynamics of tornadoes to be discussed will help forecasters alert the public to these potential consequences.