PREEVENTS Track 1: Tornado Hazard Wind Assessment and Reduction Symposium

每年，风暴通常会造成自然灾害中最大的保险损失。其中大部分损失是由风暴、龙卷风造成的。尽管高分辨率研究雷达可以深入了解龙卷风的结构和强度，但它们几乎完全局限于在地表上方数十米及更高处进行采样。由此可见，龙卷风的近地表（即低于 10 m）风场的采样率很低。在某些情况下，近地表的风场已被证明是最复杂、多变和强烈的。这些级别的风场极大地造成了已建基础设施的损坏和损失。为了充实目前对各种时空尺度龙卷风基本过程以及这些事件固有的变化性的理解，需要有关近地表龙卷风危害的更全面的信息。为了补充雷达，建筑（例如结构）和自然（例如树木）环境是可以改善近地表龙卷风特征的指标示例。这需要引入多个学科的专业知识，包括强风暴气象学、风工程和结构工程。为期两天的研讨会将于 2018 年春季或夏季在伊利诺伊大学举行，以促进这些相关学科专家之间所需的合作。强风暴气象学家、风力工程师和结构工程师之间的研究合作将为龙卷风问题建立一个真正全面的视角，并可能带来一个新的研究领域。学生和早期职业研究人员将有机会展示他们的工作，并为与其他相关学科的研究人员建立长期关系奠定基础。从社会的角度来看，研讨会上提出的材料最终可以帮助预报员提醒公众注意潜在的后果（例如损害），并将为通过警告和缓解技术减少公众造成的损失奠定基础。本次研讨会将重点讨论加强对各种空间和时间尺度上龙卷风基本过程的理解，以及通过雷达、现场测量和对建筑和自然环境的损害测量来了解这些事件固有的可变性。通过这些测量以及随后的模拟和建模研究，还将探索龙卷风发生和随后强度对建筑环境的反馈机制。更好地评估损害可以更准确地估计连锁效应，例如由此类损失引起的电力中断和停机。对上述目标的讨论直接有助于增强社会准备和复原力。因此，讨论将包括通过更好地了解龙卷风的破坏模式和后续后果来缓解和恢复基础设施和社区。待讨论的有关龙卷风起源和龙卷风动态的信息将有助于预报员提醒公众注意这些潜在后果。

Windstorms, on an annual basis, typically cause the most insured losses of any natural hazard. A subset of windstorms, tornadoes, cause a significant amount of these losses. Although high-resolution research radars have given great insight into tornado structure and intensity, they are almost exclusively limited to sampling at tens of meters above the surface and higher. It follows then that the near-surface (i.e., lower than 10 m) wind fields of tornadoes are poorly sampled. The wind field in the near-surface has been shown to be the most complex, variable and intense in some cases. The wind field at these levels overwhelmingly contributes to the damage and losses to the built infrastructure. To fill-in current understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatiotemporal scales and the variability inherent in these events, more comprehensive information on the near-surface tornado hazard is needed. To supplement radar, the built (e.g., structures) and natural (e.g., trees) environment are examples of indicators that can improve characterization of near-surface tornadic winds. This requires bringing expertise from multiple disciplines including severe storm meteorology, wind engineering and structural engineering. A two-day symposium will be held at the University of Illinois in spring or summer of 2018 to foster the needed collaboration between experts in these relevant disciplines. Research collaboration between severe storm meteorologists, wind engineers and structural engineers will create a truly comprehensive view of the problem with tornadoes and could lead to a new research area. Students and early-career researchers will have the opportunity to present their work and to build the foundation for long-lasting relationships with researchers in the other relevant disciplines. From a societal standpoint, material presented at the symposium can eventually aid forecasters to alert the public to the potential consequences (e.g., damage) and will set the stage for a reduction of losses incurred by the public through warnings and mitigation techniques.This symposium will focus discussions toward enhancing understanding of the fundamental processes underlying tornadoes on various spatial and temporal scales, as well as the variability inherent in these events through radar, in-situ and damage measurements to the built and natural environment. Feedback mechanisms of tornado genesis and subsequent intensity to the built environment will also be explored through these measurements and subsequent simulation and modeling studies. Better assessment of damage can lead to more accurate estimation of cascading effects such as disruption of power and downtime caused by these types of losses. Discussion of the above goals contributes directly to the enhancement of societal preparedness and resilience. Therefore, discussions will include mitigation and recovery of infrastructure and communities through better understanding of damage patterns and subsequent consequences in tornadoes. Information on tornado genesis and the dynamics of tornadoes to be discussed will help forecasters alert the public to these potential consequences.