Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: The Satellite Surface Charging Observatory for Prediction, Understanding, Learning, and Industry

地球被电子和离子包围着，它们创造了美丽的极光，但也对轨道卫星构成了威胁。这些粒子聚集在卫星表面，使卫星带电到很高的水平。突然放电会对电子元件造成破坏性的电涌，并导致卫星以意想不到的方式运行或完全停止响应。SCOPULI项目将调查产生这种危险带电粒子环境的物理机制，教育社会了解这些带电事件的原因和影响，并建立工具来帮助政府和工业界防止对我们的卫星基础设施造成破坏性影响。SCOPULI是加州大学洛杉矶分校、科罗拉多大学博尔德分校、空间危害应用和空间天气解决方案之间的合作项目。该项目将开发基于物理和机器学习的模型，这些模型跨越太阳风和磁层，并提供能量（eV到keV）电子通量的估计，以预测航天器表面充电的危害。通过数据同化和机器学习，将电子种群和电场和磁场模型与注入事件与现有数据产品相结合，以开发充电环境预测能力。这些模型将允许用户提供他们自己的卫星细节，从而允许测试新的或非标准的设计，并提供收费预测。该团队将与科学教师（6-12年级）一起开发课程材料和互动模拟，以及用于实时规范空间天气的工业就绪工具。博士后和研究生将参与项目的各个方面。ANSWERS项目通过填补有关太阳-地球耦合系统的关键知识空白，提高了美国的STEM专业知识和社会对空间天气灾害的适应能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Earth is surrounded by electrons and ions that create beautiful auroral displays but are also a hazard for orbiting satellites. These particles collect on satellite surfaces causing the satellite to charge to high levels. A sudden discharge can cause a damaging surge in electronic components and cause the satellite to behave in unexpected ways or completely stop responding. The SCOPULI project will investigate the physical mechanisms that produce this hazardous charged particle environment, educate society about the causes and effects of these charging events, and build tools to help government and industry prevent damaging impacts to our satellite infrastructure. SCOPULI is a collaborative project between the University of California Los Angeles, the University of Colorado Boulder, Space Hazards Applications, and Space Weather Solutions. The project will develop physics- and machine-learning based models that span the solar wind and magnetosphere, and provide estimates of energetic (eV to keV) electron flux to predict spacecraft surface charging hazards. Models of electron population and of electric and magnetic fields, in combination with injection events with existing data products via data assimilation and machine learning, will be leveraged to develop a charging environment prediction capability. The models will allow users to provide their own satellite specifics, thus allowing for new or non-standard designs to be tested and provided charging predictions. The team will develop curriculum materials and interactive simulations with science teachers (grades 6-12), as well as industry-ready tools for real-time specification of space weather. A postdoc and graduate students will be involved in all aspects of the project. ANSWERS projects advance the nation’s STEM expertise and societal resilience to space weather hazards by filling key knowledge gaps regarding the coupled Sun-Earth system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.