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Sex Chromosome Evolution in Lizards and Snakes

蜥蜴和蛇的性染色体进化

基本信息

批准号：
2151318
负责人：
Anthony Gamble
金额：
$ 116.53万
依托单位：
Marquette University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-01 至 2026-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2151318&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Sex Chromosome Evolution Lizards Snakes

项目摘要

Sex chromosomes play an important role in the embryonic development of many animal species by controlling an individual's sex. However, the sex chromosomes of most animals remain unidentified limiting our understanding of broad patterns of sex chromosome evolution. This project will advance the study of sex chromosome evolution by investigating lizards and snakes. These reptiles have a variety of sex-determining systems with numerous evolutionary transitions among them. Each of these independently derived systems can act as a replicate evolutionary “experiment” to test the general principles and processes that govern sex chromosome evolution. This research will fill gaps in our knowledge by identifying sex chromosomes in these under-studied reptiles and then use these data to characterize some general properties of sex chromosome evolution. The research will train a postdoctoral researcher and students, including PhD students and undergraduates, in genomics and bioinformatics, skills that are in high demand for careers in agriculture, biotechnology, and health care. Researchers will develop genetic sex tests for several reptile species. Such tests are important for the management and breeding of endangered species and sexing embryonic material in developmental research. Researchers will engage in outreach to pet reptile hobbyists and the general public about genetics, evolution, and sex chromosomes via a museum exhibit and a booth at pet reptile trade shows.Comparative studies of sex chromosomes in animal groups with repeated transitions among sex-determining mechanisms, like the lizards and snakes, can help answer longstanding questions about sex chromosome evolution. This research will integrate comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and phylogenetics to enhance the utility of lizards and snakes as a model clade to investigate sex chromosome evolution and address the following questions: 1) Are sex chromosomes an evolutionary trap? 2) Are some chromosomes particularly good at being sex chromosomes? 3) Is sex chromosome dosage compensation more likely to evolve in XX/XY vs. ZZ/ZW taxa? 4) What is the relative role of rearrangements vs. sex-biased recombination in suppressing recombination between the sex chromosomes? Upon completion, this project will enable subsequent investigations into the mechanisms that drive sex chromosome evolution in lizards and snakes and establish a framework for comparative analyses of sex chromosome evolution across the tree of life. Data collected for this project will have broad utility to other scientists, including new, high quality genome assemblies for multiple lizard and snake species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

性染色体通过控制个体的性别，在许多动物物种的胚胎发育中扮演着重要的角色。然而，大多数动物的性染色体仍然是未知的，限制了我们对性染色体进化的广泛模式的理解。该项目将通过研究蜥蜴和蛇来推进性染色体进化的研究。这些爬行动物有各种各样的性别决定系统，其中有许多进化转变。这些独立派生的系统中的每一个都可以作为一个复制的进化“实验”，来测试支配性染色体进化的一般原理和过程。这项研究将通过识别这些未被研究的爬行动物的性染色体来填补我们知识的空白，然后使用这些数据来表征性染色体进化的一些一般特性。这项研究将培养一名博士后研究员和学生，包括博士生和本科生，学习基因组学和生物信息学，这些技能在农业、生物技术和医疗保健领域的职业需求很高。研究人员将对几种爬行动物进行基因性别测试。这种测试对于濒危物种的管理和繁育以及发育研究中胚胎材料的性别鉴定都很重要。研究人员将通过博物馆展览和宠物爬行动物交易会上的摊位，向宠物爬行动物爱好者和普通公众宣传遗传学、进化论和性染色体。对蜥蜴和蛇等性别决定机制反复转换的动物群体的性染色体进行比较研究，有助于回答长期以来关于性染色体进化的问题。这项研究将结合比较基因组学、转录组学和系统发育学来提高蜥蜴和蛇作为模式分支的实用性，以研究性染色体的进化，并解决以下问题：1)性染色体是进化的陷阱吗？2)某些染色体特别擅长作性染色体吗？3)性染色体剂量补偿在XX/XY和ZZ/ZW类群中更有可能进化吗？4)重排和性别偏向重组在抑制性染色体之间的重组方面有什么相对作用？该项目完成后，将能够对推动蜥蜴和蛇的性染色体进化的机制进行后续研究，并建立一个跨生命树的性染色体进化的比较分析框架。为该项目收集的数据将对其他科学家具有广泛的实用价值，包括多种蜥蜴和蛇物种的新的高质量基因组组装。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。