Mid-scale RI-2: Advanced Millimeter Survey Instrumentation in Chile

中型 RI-2：智利的先进毫米波测量仪器

• 批准号: 2153201
• 负责人: Mark Devlin
• 金额: $ 5265.26万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2028-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2153201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mid; scale; RI; Advanced; Millimeter

Large scale millimeter-wave surveys of the sky at high resolution, designed to explore the origin and evolution of the universe, can address a wide range of pressing science questions. The next generation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) instruments will reveal much about the origin and evolution of the Universe, about the fundamental physics driving its birth and growth, and about its dynamic contents as they interact and change. Achieving these goals requires a significant improvement both in instrumental capabilities and in data pipelines. Building on significant investment by the Simons Foundation (SF) in the Simons Observatory (SO), this award provides three Advanced SO (ASO) deliverables, which will increase the scientific reach, increase access to the wider community not expert in the instrumentation, and decrease the environmental impact of the facility and improve relations with the host country of Chile. There are extensive plans for public outreach and the training of early career researchers during the survey activity once ASO is operational. Meanwhile, implementation of the infrastructure involves more than a dozen graduate students and around ten postdocs, as key players. There will be opportunities for young physicists to work with SO scientists on summer activities, and extensive training on the ASO infrastructure, mentored by SO scientists in a collaboration with the Simons Foundation and the National Society of Black Physicists.The contributions from this award are: (i) 30,000 new detectors and associated optics for the SO six-meter diameter Large Aperture Telescope, doubling its mapping speed and enabling the detection of transient objects; (ii) an end-to-end data pipeline to produce and validate maps of all SO data, and generate daily light-curves of variable sources concurrent with other surveys such as those from the Rubin Observatory, and (iii) a photovoltaic power system that directly increases system sensitivity while reducing operating costs and environmental impact. This infrastructure is crucial to the survey goal, to produce millimeter-wave maps of the sky on a regular cadence. Such maps are a critical part of the search for primordial gravitational waves, but also help understanding of galaxy evolution and the role of magnetic fields. Analysis will: (1) reveal physical conditions in the early universe and constrain any new light particles; (2) measure the distribution of mass, electron pressure, and electron momentum in the more recent universe, and combine with large-scale structure surveys to determine the neutrino mass and the effects of dark energy; (3) measure the distribution of electron density and pressure around galaxy groups and clusters; (4) use the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect to find more than 30,000 galaxy clusters and more than 100,000 extragalactic millimeter sources; (5) measure the alignment of dust by magnetic fields in our Galaxy; and (6) reveal new features of the transient universe concurrent with optical observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

以高分辨率对天空进行大规模毫米波调查，旨在探索宇宙的起源和演化，可以解决广泛的紧迫科学问题。 下一代宇宙微波背景（CMB）仪器将揭示宇宙的起源和演化，驱动其诞生和成长的基本物理学，以及它们相互作用和变化的动态内容。 实现这些目标需要在工具能力和数据管道方面都有重大改进。 在西蒙斯基金会（SF）对西蒙斯天文台（SO）进行重大投资的基础上，该奖项提供了三个高级SO（阿索）可交付成果，这将增加科学范围，增加对更广泛的社区的访问，而不是仪器专家，减少设施的环境影响并改善与东道国智利的关系。 阿索投入运营后，在调查活动期间有广泛的公共宣传和早期职业研究人员培训计划。 与此同时，基础设施的实施涉及十几名研究生和大约十名博士后，作为关键参与者。 年轻的物理学家将有机会与SO科学家一起参加夏季活动，并在SO科学家与西蒙斯基金会和全国黑人物理学家协会合作的指导下，对阿索基础设施进行广泛的培训。该奖项的贡献是：（i）为SO 6米直径大孔径望远镜安装30，000个新探测器和相关光学器件，使其测绘速度加倍，并能够探测瞬态物体;（ii）一个端到端的数据管道，用于生成和验证所有SO数据的地图，并生成可变源的每日光变曲线，同时进行其他调查，如鲁宾天文台的调查，以及（iii）一个光伏发电系统，直接增加系统灵敏度，同时降低运营成本和环境影响。 这一基础设施对于测量目标至关重要，以定期的节奏制作天空的毫米波地图。 这样的地图是寻找原始引力波的关键部分，也有助于理解星系演化和磁场的作用。 分析将：（1）揭示早期宇宙的物理条件，并约束任何新的轻粒子;（2）测量近代宇宙中的质量、电子压力和电子动量分布，并与大尺度结构巡天联合收割机相结合，确定中微子质量和暗能量的影响;（3）测量星系群和星系团周围的电子密度和压力分布;（4）利用热苏尼亚耶夫-泽尔多维奇效应发现超过30，000个星系团和超过100，000个河外毫米源;（5）测量我们银河系中磁场尘埃的排列;以及（6）在光学观测的同时揭示瞬变宇宙的新特征。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。