Tenant Immobility and Family Well-Being: Considering the Role of Networks, Neighborhoods, and the Indoor Environment

租户的流动性和家庭福祉：考虑网络、社区和室内环境的作用

• 批准号: 2203801
• 负责人: Steven Schmidt
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Schmidt, Steven E
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2203801&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tenant; Immobility; Family; Well; Being

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Ann Owens at the University of Southern California, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating the relation between tenant immobility and gentrification. Rising rental costs combined with stagnating wages have led to an affordable housing crisis in the United States. Sociologists measuring the impact of housing unaffordability on U.S. families tend to focus on how rising housing costs displace renters from neighborhoods, and where renters move after they have been displaced. However, this focus overlooks how housing unaffordability may negatively impact low-income renters even before they experience displacement. Because moves are expensive and uncertain, it is likely that families make significant trade-offs to remain in their current home. Using in-depth interviews and survey data, this project will examine the experiences of immobile families living in Los Angeles County, California—one of the nation’s least affordable rental markets. It will identify the strategies that renters use to remain in their home and how these strategies shape their material, physical, and emotional well-being. More specifically, it will test the prediction that tenants manage poor maintenance at home to remain in neighborhoods that they value, and that strict tenant screening practices discourage moves away from low-quality rentals. This project will focus on the experiences of low-income minority households, who are understudied in sociological research on residential decision-making. The findings from this study can direct policy interventions that better protect tenants from apartment disinvestment and make rental housing more accessible at the tenant screening stage of housing searches. Sociologists have studied the relationship between gentrification and displacement (e.g., involuntary moves) for nearly four decades. However, less research has examined the experiences of disadvantaged renters in gentrifying neighborhoods who are immobile. By overlooking low-income families who do not move, existing sociological research on gentrification underestimates the impact of rising housing costs on family well-being. To address this gap, this project will answer the following research questions: (1) How do social networks, neighborhood contexts, and building-level conditions influence renter immobility? And (2), what are the potentially countervailing pathways through which immobility shapes renters’ material, emotional, and physical well-being? Based in Los Angeles County, CA, this project will use interviews and survey data from 80 low-income, immigrant renters—a population that has received scant scholarly attention in the residential mobility literature. I will supplement interviews with two surveys—the Berkman Syme Social Network Index to assess social integration and a housing adequacy measure from the U.S. Census that captures indoor environmental quality. I hypothesize that immobile renters manage substandard living environments to remain near neighborhood resources, job opportunities, and supportive social networks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学（SBE）博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在南加州大学Ann Owens博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持一位早期职业科学家调查租户不流动性与中产阶级化之间的关系。租金上涨加上工资停滞不前，导致美国出现了经济适用房危机。衡量住房负担能力对美国家庭的影响的社会学家往往关注住房成本的上升如何使租房者离开社区，以及租房者在流离失所后搬到哪里。然而，这一重点忽视了住房负担不起如何可能对低收入租房者产生负面影响，甚至在他们经历流离失所之前。由于搬家既昂贵又不确定，家庭很可能会做出重大权衡，以留在目前的家中。使用深入的访谈和调查数据，这个项目将研究生活在洛杉矶县，加利福尼亚州，美国最负担不起的租赁市场之一的固定家庭的经验。它将确定租房者用来留在家里的策略，以及这些策略如何塑造他们的物质，身体和情感健康。更具体地说，它将测试以下预测：租户在家中管理不善，以留在他们重视的社区，严格的租户筛选做法会阻止他们离开低质量的租金。该项目将侧重于低收入少数民族家庭的经验，他们在关于住房决策的社会学研究中未得到充分研究。这项研究的结果可以指导政策干预，更好地保护租户免受公寓撤资的影响，并使租赁住房在租户搜索阶段更容易获得。社会学家研究了中产阶级化和流离失所之间的关系（例如，近40年来，非自愿流动。然而，较少的研究已经检查了在中产阶级社区谁是固定的弱势租房者的经验。由于忽视了不搬家的低收入家庭，现有的关于中产阶级化的社会学研究低估了住房成本上升对家庭福祉的影响。为了解决这一问题，本项目将回答以下研究问题：（1）社交网络、邻里环境和建筑水平条件如何影响租房者的不流动性？以及（2），不动性通过哪些潜在的抵消途径塑造租房者的物质，情感和身体健康？总部设在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县，该项目将使用80个低收入，移民租房者的访谈和调查数据，在住宅流动性文献中很少得到学术关注的人口。我将用两项调查来补充采访--伯克曼·赛姆社会网络指数（Berkman Syme Social Network Index），以评估社会融合，以及美国人口普查中捕获室内环境质量的住房充足性措施。我假设，不动的租房者管理不合标准的生活环境，以保持附近的社区资源，就业机会，和支持社交网络。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Buen Crédito y Buen Seguro: Legal Status and Restricted Access to Shelter among Low-Income Latina/o Renters in an Immigrant Gateway City

Buen Crédito y Buen Seguro：移民门户城市低收入拉丁裔/o 租房者的法律地位和获得庇护的限制

• DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad021
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Social Problems
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Schmidt, Steven