Immobility, citizenship and belonging in London and São Paulo

伦敦和圣保罗的流动性、公民身份和归属感

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V011863/1
负责人：
Daniel Robins
金额：
$ 12.74万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV011863%2F1
关键词：
Immobility citizenship belonging London Paulo

项目摘要

The fellowship will explore theories, ideas and experiences of immobility, belonging and citizenship in a globalised world. This will counter the focus in migration studies on mobility which overlooks how most people choose to stay despite possessing the means to migrate. Motivations and experiences of 'stayers' are just as rich, complex and worthy of research as those who migrate.Although there is literature at a local and regional scale, the concept of immobility, out of 'loyalty' to larger imagined social organisms such as country and 'people' is under-researched (Schewel, 2019). How citizens imagine immobility and how it affects their (non)migration decision making at an international level has implications for policy makers with an interest in population retention and developing citizenship. The contested nature of 'loyalty' to differing ideals also exposes the tension in the increasing political polarisation witnessed recently in Global North and South politics. Focusing on Brazil, this country is experiencing increasing emigration, particularly of its middle-class. This, combined with a below replacement fertility rate, means that understanding the motivations of those both wanting to stay and leave is imperative especially since my research suggested that these middle-class emigrants rarely send back remittances. Motivations for people to emigrate, immigrate or stay put in the UK context are also vital to understand for UK policy makers (Baldwin-Edwards et al. 2019).Recent populist voting in the Global South and North has exposed the tension between ideals of cosmopolitan 'world citizenship' in an interconnected globalised society and reactionary forces emerging via renewed nationalism and particularism. The fellowship will thus explore the geographical imaginary of the 'world city' and its 'world citizens' in both the Global North and South and its relationship to class and race as well as its disruption by populist events such as Brexit and Bolsonaro's election in Brazil. Brexit is important due to its impact on migration and migrant subjectivity, not least since my previous research showed migrants' sense of belonging often tied to London imagined as a 'world city' (Robins 2019). Further, the UK government recently announced that 'low-skilled' workers will be denied visas within a new points system (Home Office, 2020). My thesis showed that Brazilian migrants are often university educated and, despite many starting in low skilled jobs, rapidly achieve parity with previous careers in Brazil. The new migration system is in danger of overlooking such 'invisible' skilled workers (Salvatori & Terron-Caro, 2020; Ünlütürk-Ulutas & Akbas, 2020). Questions of how Brexit may disrupt migrant experiences as well as the practicalities of negotiating migrants' futures demand exploration.Similarly, at the time of my fieldwork, the prospect of Bolsonaro as President unsettled many people's imagining of São Paulo as a cosmopolitan world city. Now he is in office, it is timely to explore the effects of his election on belonging. I previously collected interview data on Brexit and Bolsonaro's election. Conducting a small follow up study with some of my participants will be fruitful permitted additional fieldwork under the fellowship's terms.To conclude, we must explore the relation between social class, world citizenship, migration, immobility and populism and how these concepts square with people from diverse social and ethnic background's need for a sense of social cohesion and belonging. My research seeks to understand issues of societal and political polarisation as well as establishing a concern for the needs and experiences of those affected by recent changes to the UK's identity as an EU member and Brazil's as a left leaning democracy. Therefore, although the output of the fellowship will be from the perspective of migration studies it will also make substantial contributions to political and cultural geography.

奖学金将探索全球化世界中遗产，归属和公民身份的理论，思想和经验。这将应对移民研究的重点，该研究忽略了大多数人选择以迁移手段的方式保持领先地位。 “逗留者”的动机和经验与迁移的人一样丰富，复杂且值得研究。尽管在当地和地区规模上有文献，但固定性的概念是出于对更大的想象中的社会组织（例如国家和“人”）的“忠诚”的概念（Schewel，2019年）。公民的想象力固定性及其如何影响其（非）国际上的（非）移民决策对对人口保留和发展公民身份感兴趣的政策制定者的影响。 “忠诚”对不同思想的有争议的本质也暴露了最近在全球北部和南方政治上看到的日益政治两极分化的紧张关系。这个国家专注于巴西，正在越来越多的移民，尤其是中产阶级的移民。这与低于替代的生育率相结合，意味着必须了解俩都想要留下和离开的人的动机，尤其是因为我的研究表明，这些中产阶级移民很少会寄回汇款。对于英国政策制定者而言，人们移民，移民或留在英国的动机也至关重要（Baldwin-Edwards等人，2019年）。在全球南部和North中进行的民粹主义投票在全球社会中互联的全球化社会和反作用力的Emering National Imperisism of Nationalsimism of Cosmopolitan“世界公民”之间的思想之间的张力使人之间的张力至关重要。因此，奖学金将探索全球北部和南方的“世界城市”及其“世界公民”的地理虚构，以及其与阶级和种族的关系，以及其被Brexit和Bolsonaro在巴西当选等民众事件的破坏。英国退欧对移民和移民主观性的影响很重要，这尤其是因为我以前的研究表明，移民的归属感经常与伦敦被想象为“世界城市”相关（Robins 2019）。此外，英国政府最近宣布，“低技能”工人将被拒绝在新的点系统中（内政部，2020年）。我的论文表明，巴西移民经常受过大学教育，尽管有许多人从低技能工作开始，但迅速与巴西以前的职业达成了平等。新的迁移系统有忽视这种“隐形”熟练工人的危险（Salvatori＆Terron-Caro，2020；ünlütürk-ulutas＆Akbas，2020）。英国脱欧如何破坏移民经历以及谈判移民的未来需要探索的问题。同样，在我的实地考察时期，博尔森罗（Bolsonaro）作为总统的前景使许多人对圣保罗（SãoPaulo）的想象力为国际化的世界城市。现在他在办公室里，及时探索他的选举对归属的影响。我以前收集了有关英国退欧和博尔森罗大选的访谈数据。根据奖学金的术语，与我的一些参与者进行一项小型后续研究将是富有成效的额外野外工作。包括，我们必须探索社会阶层，世界公民身份，移民，僵化和民粹主义之间的关系，以及这些概念与来自潜水员社会和种族背景的人们对社交凝聚力和遗产的需求的人们如何与之吻合。我的研究试图了解社会和政治两极分化的问题，并确立受到英国作为欧盟成员身份的变化影响者的需求和经验的关注，而巴西是左派民主。因此，尽管研究金的产出将是从移民研究的角度来看，但它也将为政治和文化地理做出重大贡献。