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Immobility, citizenship and belonging in London and São Paulo

伦敦和圣保罗的流动性、公民身份和归属感

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V011863/1
负责人：
Daniel Robins
金额：
$ 12.74万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV011863%2F1
关键词：
Immobility citizenship belonging London Paulo

项目摘要

The fellowship will explore theories, ideas and experiences of immobility, belonging and citizenship in a globalised world. This will counter the focus in migration studies on mobility which overlooks how most people choose to stay despite possessing the means to migrate. Motivations and experiences of 'stayers' are just as rich, complex and worthy of research as those who migrate.Although there is literature at a local and regional scale, the concept of immobility, out of 'loyalty' to larger imagined social organisms such as country and 'people' is under-researched (Schewel, 2019). How citizens imagine immobility and how it affects their (non)migration decision making at an international level has implications for policy makers with an interest in population retention and developing citizenship. The contested nature of 'loyalty' to differing ideals also exposes the tension in the increasing political polarisation witnessed recently in Global North and South politics. Focusing on Brazil, this country is experiencing increasing emigration, particularly of its middle-class. This, combined with a below replacement fertility rate, means that understanding the motivations of those both wanting to stay and leave is imperative especially since my research suggested that these middle-class emigrants rarely send back remittances. Motivations for people to emigrate, immigrate or stay put in the UK context are also vital to understand for UK policy makers (Baldwin-Edwards et al. 2019).Recent populist voting in the Global South and North has exposed the tension between ideals of cosmopolitan 'world citizenship' in an interconnected globalised society and reactionary forces emerging via renewed nationalism and particularism. The fellowship will thus explore the geographical imaginary of the 'world city' and its 'world citizens' in both the Global North and South and its relationship to class and race as well as its disruption by populist events such as Brexit and Bolsonaro's election in Brazil. Brexit is important due to its impact on migration and migrant subjectivity, not least since my previous research showed migrants' sense of belonging often tied to London imagined as a 'world city' (Robins 2019). Further, the UK government recently announced that 'low-skilled' workers will be denied visas within a new points system (Home Office, 2020). My thesis showed that Brazilian migrants are often university educated and, despite many starting in low skilled jobs, rapidly achieve parity with previous careers in Brazil. The new migration system is in danger of overlooking such 'invisible' skilled workers (Salvatori & Terron-Caro, 2020; Ünlütürk-Ulutas & Akbas, 2020). Questions of how Brexit may disrupt migrant experiences as well as the practicalities of negotiating migrants' futures demand exploration.Similarly, at the time of my fieldwork, the prospect of Bolsonaro as President unsettled many people's imagining of São Paulo as a cosmopolitan world city. Now he is in office, it is timely to explore the effects of his election on belonging. I previously collected interview data on Brexit and Bolsonaro's election. Conducting a small follow up study with some of my participants will be fruitful permitted additional fieldwork under the fellowship's terms.To conclude, we must explore the relation between social class, world citizenship, migration, immobility and populism and how these concepts square with people from diverse social and ethnic background's need for a sense of social cohesion and belonging. My research seeks to understand issues of societal and political polarisation as well as establishing a concern for the needs and experiences of those affected by recent changes to the UK's identity as an EU member and Brazil's as a left leaning democracy. Therefore, although the output of the fellowship will be from the perspective of migration studies it will also make substantial contributions to political and cultural geography.

该奖学金将探索在全球化世界中的固定性，归属感和公民身份的理论，思想和经验。这将与移徙研究对流动性的关注形成对照，因为流动性研究忽视了大多数人尽管拥有移徙手段，但如何选择留下来。“留守者”的动机和经历与迁移者一样丰富、复杂，值得研究。虽然有地方和区域范围的文献，但出于对国家和“人”等更大的想象社会有机体的“忠诚”，不动的概念研究不足（Schewel，2019）。公民如何想象不流动性以及它如何影响他们在国际层面上的（非）移民决策，对关注人口保留和发展公民身份的政策制定者有影响。对不同理想的“忠诚”的争议性也暴露了最近在全球南北政治中目睹的日益加剧的政治两极分化的紧张局势。以巴西为例，这个国家正在经历越来越多的移民，特别是中产阶级。这一点，再加上低于更替生育率，意味着了解那些既想留下又想离开的人的动机是必要的，特别是因为我的研究表明，这些中产阶级移民很少寄回汇款。英国政策制定者也必须了解人们移居、移民或留在英国的动机（Baldwin-Edwards et al. 2019）。最近全球南方和北方的民粹主义投票暴露了在相互关联的全球化社会中世界性的“世界公民”理想与通过复兴的民族主义和特殊主义出现的反动势力之间的紧张关系。因此，该奖学金将探索“世界城市”及其“世界公民”在全球北方和南方的地理想象，以及它与阶级和种族的关系，以及它被英国脱欧和博尔索纳罗在巴西的选举等民粹主义事件所破坏。英国脱欧之所以重要，是因为它对移民和移民主体性的影响，尤其是因为我之前的研究表明，移民的归属感往往与被想象为“世界城市”的伦敦有关（罗宾斯，2019年）。此外，英国政府最近宣布，在新的积分制度下，“低技能”工人将被拒绝签证（内政部，2020年）。我的论文表明，巴西移民通常受过大学教育，尽管许多人从低技能工作开始，但很快就达到了与巴西以前职业平等的水平。新的移民制度有可能忽视这些“看不见的”技术工人（Salvatori & Terron-Caro，2020; Ünlütürk-Ulutas & Akbas，2020）。英国脱欧可能会如何破坏移民体验以及谈判移民未来的实际性等问题需要探索。同样，在我进行实地考察时，博尔索纳罗担任总统的前景动摇了许多人对圣保罗作为国际大都市的想象。现在他已经上任，现在是探讨他的当选对归属感的影响的时候了。我之前收集了关于英国脱欧和博尔索纳罗选举的采访数据。对我的一些参与者进行一个小型的后续研究将是富有成效的，根据奖学金的条款，允许额外的实地考察。最后，我们必须探索社会阶级，世界公民，移民，不流动和民粹主义之间的关系，以及这些概念如何与来自不同社会和种族背景的人们对社会凝聚力和归属感的需求相一致。我的研究旨在了解社会和政治两极分化的问题，以及建立一个关注的需求和那些受最近的变化，英国的身份作为欧盟成员国和巴西的左倾民主国家的经验。因此，虽然研究金的产出将是从移徙研究的角度，但它也将对政治和文化地理学作出重大贡献。