Scattering Amplitudes and Correlation Functions

该奖项资助亚利桑那州立大学Andrei Belitsky教授的研究活动。可观测的宇宙是由原子组成的。原子则是由原子核被电子云包围而形成的。质子和中子结合在一起形成这些原子核。进一步放大到质子和中子，我们会遇到夸克和它们的反粒子（反夸克），它们是物质的最基本组成部分。夸克和反夸克被强作用力相互吸引。这种力是如此之强，以至于不可能看到单个的夸克——它们总是以各种构型束缚在一起。如果有人试图将它们分开，那么在此过程中消耗的能量会立即转化为从真空中产生新的夸克-反夸克对，而这些新粒子又会与试图分离的粒子结合。这些现象背后的理论——量子色动力学（QCD）——自1974年以来就已经为人所知。然而，到目前为止，还没有人成功地解决了这一理论，这并不是因为缺乏努力。揭示强大力量的内部运作对于理解基本物理定律至关重要，因此符合国家利益，因为它促进了美国基础科学的发展。作为该项目的一部分，贝利茨基教授计划开发理论方法，以减轻人们在理解强相互作用粒子（如夸克）时面临的复杂性。他还为研究生和本科生提供建议和指导，这些学生将对该项目做出有价值的贡献。此外，贝利茨基教授发表了受欢迎的演讲，并指导和指导初高中学生，从而提高了公众对粒子物理学的认识。在更技术性的层面上，贝利茨基教授将致力于一个有希望的范式，将强作用力理论（QCD）重新表述为一种有效的扩展自由度理论。在过去的二十年里，该领域通过超对称QCD表兄弟的规范/弦对应，见证了这些想法的明确实现。首席研究员将开发和推广用于分析这些模型中的两种可观测物的工具：时空s矩阵和规范不变算子的相关器。主要的方法是基于它们的几何化和使用二维世界图的可积动力学。显式实现包括根据重叠转换对新兴字符串世界表进行镶嵌，然后在耦合中引导到所有顺序。沿着这些路线，PI还将继续研究壳外散射振幅及其可积动力学特性的形状因子程序。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research activities of Professor Andrei Belitsky at Arizona State University.The observable Universe is composed of atoms. Atoms, in turn, are formed by nuclei surrounded by clouds of electrons. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form these nuclei. Zooming further into the protons and neutrons, one encounters quarks and their antiparticles (antiquarks), which are the most fundamental components of matter. The quarks and antiquarks are attracted to each other by the Strong Force. This force is so strong that it is impossible to see individual quarks --- they are always bound together in various configurations. If one tries to pull them apart, the energy expended to do this is immediately converted into the creation of new quark-antiquark pairs from empty space, and those new particles in turn bind to the particles that one was attempting to isolate. A theory underlying these phenomena --- namely Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) --- has been known since 1974. However, up to now no one has succeeded in solving this theory, and this is not due to a lack of effort. Uncovering the inner workings of the Strong Force will be of paramount importance for understanding the fundamental laws of physics, and is therefore in the national interest because it fosters the development of fundamental science in the United States. As part of this project, Professor Belitsky plans to develop theoretical methods for alleviating the complications one faces in understanding strongly interacting particles such as quarks. He is also engaged in advising and mentoring students at the graduate and undergraduate levels who will make valuable contributions to the project. Moreover, Professor Belitsky delivers popular presentations and also mentors and guides middle- and high-school students, thereby increasing the public awareness of particle physics.On a more technical level, Professor Belitsky will work on a promising paradigm to reformulate the theory of the strong force (QCD) as an effective theory of extended degrees of freedom. Over the past two decades, the field witnessed an explicit implementation of these ideas through the gauge/string correspondence for supersymmetric cousins of QCD. The Principal Investigator will develop and generalize tools for analyses of two types of observables in these models: spacetime S-matrices and correlators of gauge-invariant operators. The main approach is based on their geometrization and use of integrable dynamics of the resulting two-dimensional worldsheet. An explicit implementation includes a tessellation of emerging string worldsheets in terms of overlapping transitions which are then bootstrapped to all orders in coupling. Along these lines, the PI will also pursue a form-factor program for off-shell scattering amplitudes and the properties of its integrable dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.