Cryogenic Neutral Atom Arrays for Quantum Processors

用于量子处理器的低温中性原子阵列

• 批准号: 2210527
• 负责人: Cindy Regal
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2210527&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cryogenic; Neutral; Atom; Arrays; Quantum

In less than a century, quantum physics has grown from an interesting puzzle, to a striking reality, to a source of revolutionary computational ideas. A computer based upon the power of quantum physics will be able to solve certain tasks at rates unmatched by classical computers, and measurement tasks will benefit from the ability to harness correlations between quantum particles. However, physicists and engineers face seemingly impossible tasks in assembling these devices. Fully isolating thousands of single quantum particles and at the same time introducing ways for them to interact is very difficult. The fragility of entanglement means that the disturbance of just one of those particles can be a catastrophic event. The goal of this project is to devise techniques to advance isolation and control of neutral atoms in ‘tweezers’ made from focused laser beams, a potential new platform for realizing many interacting quantum particles. By operating at temperatures achieved with liquid cryogens, 4 degrees above absolute zero, the atoms can held in traps for longer times, and highly-excited atomic states, known as Rydberg states, can have longer lifetimes. The proposed work will study quantum processing with Rydberg atoms focusing on gate fidelity advances achievable with these advances. The work will encompass graduate student training and impact on undergraduate education. The bottom-up assembly of arrays of single atoms, their individual control, and entangling mechanism such as Rydberg excitation have enabled new perspectives on scalable and addressable sets of neutral atoms for quantum computing. However, advances could soon saturate due to limitations in multiple aspects of quantum coherence. Neutral atom platforms should aspire to the same, and in some areas even better, control than is currently afforded by trapped ions. One unique path for improvement in a few of the key metrics is embedding the neutral atoms in a cryogenic system, where atoms can potentially be stored in microscopic traps for hours and blackbody radiation is defined by a low temperature environment. A new cryogenic apparatus has been developed based on a closed-cycle cryostat that retains single-atom control of 87Rb through optical tweezers. The proposed work will deploy and study this system for quantum processing with Rydberg atoms, focusing on two-qubit gate fidelity advances utilizing the cryogenic apparatus and through harnessing single atom cooling and magic trapping conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在不到一个世纪的时间里，量子物理学已经从一个有趣的谜团成长为惊人的现实，成为革命性计算思想的来源。基于量子物理能力的计算机将能够以经典计算机无法比拟的速度完成某些任务，而测量任务将受益于利用量子粒子之间的关联的能力。然而，物理学家和工程师在组装这些设备时面临着看似不可能完成的任务。完全隔离数千个单量子粒子，同时引入它们相互作用的方法是非常困难的。纠缠的脆弱性意味着这些粒子中的一个粒子的扰动可能是灾难性的事件。该项目的目标是设计技术，以提高中性原子在聚焦激光制成的镊子中的隔离和控制，这是实现许多相互作用的量子粒子的潜在新平台。通过在绝对零度以上4摄氏度的液体制冷剂中工作，原子可以在陷阱中停留更长的时间，而且被称为里德堡态的高激发原子态可以有更长的寿命。这项拟议的工作将研究里德堡原子的量子处理，重点是通过这些进展可以实现的门保真度改进。这项工作将包括研究生培养和对本科教育的影响。单原子阵列的自下而上的组装，它们的单独控制，以及里德堡激发等纠缠机制，为量子计算中可扩展和可寻址的中性原子集合提供了新的视角。然而，由于量子相干的多个方面的限制，进展可能很快就会饱和。中性原子平台应该渴望与目前被困离子提供的控制相同，在某些领域甚至更好。在一些关键指标上改进的一个独特途径是将中性原子嵌入低温系统，在低温系统中，原子可能会在微观陷阱中储存数小时，而黑体辐射是由低温环境定义的。研制了一种基于闭合循环恒温器的新型低温装置，该装置通过光镊单原子控制~(87)Rb。这项拟议的工作将部署和研究这一利用里德堡原子进行量子处理的系统，重点是利用低温设备和利用单原子冷却和魔术囚禁条件来提高两个量子比特门的保真度。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。