Collaborative Research: Origins of food production in the northern neotropical lowlands

合作研究：北部新热带低地粮食生产的起源

• 批准号: 2212982
• 负责人: Keith Prufer
• 金额: $ 17.59万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2212982&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Origins; food; production

The origin of food production was an important catalyst for the emergence of complex societies, institutional inequality, and social organization in the northern neotropics. Yet, to date, there is little understanding of when key crops (i.e., maize, manioc) were first consumed by humans, how intensively they were used through time, and how wild seed and root crops were integrated into a regional diet. Recent advances suggest that agriculture was well established by the middle Holocene in greater Amazonia, but we lack comparable data in the northern neotropics, even though we know there was significant migration and interaction between these regions. The project will document the processing and consumption of plant foods throughout the Holocene and produce new microbotanical libraries of modern plants from the region for comparative research. Many of the key crops studied are today globally important commodities and central features of diets across neotropical contexts making the study of their origins a matter of global importance. This project will carry out microbotanical analysis of starch grains and phytoliths obtained from grinding stones and dental calculus from archaeological contexts dating between 12,500 and 1,000 cal BP. To obtain these samples project members will conduct excavations at two remote rockshelter sites in a broadleaf neotropical forest where excellent preservation of organic materials has been previously demonstrated. Chronological control will be maintained with radiocarbon dates on charcoal and bone. Microbotanical data will be used to identify processing and consumption of domesticated and wild plant foods and to determine when specific cultigens such as maize and manioc were incorporated into the human diet. These data will also be used to study the changing importance of these domesticates relative to other wild taxa. Data will be shared with descendent communities though formal consultations and translations of published articles into local languages. This project will also promote the training of women and underrepresented students in the sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

粮食生产的起源是北部新型新兴社会复杂社会，制度不平等和社会组织的出现的重要催化剂。 然而，迄今为止，人们对关键农作物（即玉米，木马）的何时最初被人类消耗，随着时间的推移如何使用它们，以及如何将野生种子和根作物整合到区域饮食中。最近的进步表明，全新世在大亚马逊地区已经很好地确定了农业，但是我们缺乏北部新型新型技术的可比数据，尽管我们知道这些地区之间存在着很大的迁移和相互作用。该项目将记录整个全新世的植物食品的加工和消费，并生产来自该地区现代植物的新的微型机构图书馆进行比较研究。如今，研究的许多关键农作物是全球重要的商品和在新热带环境中饮食的主要特征，使研究其起源是全球重要性的问题。 该项目将对淀粉颗粒和植物石进行微生物分析，并从磨石和牙科微积分获得的考古环境中，其历史可追溯到12,500至1,000 cal bp之间。 为了获得这些样品，项目成员将在阔叶新热带森林中的两个远程岩石板地点进行发掘，以前已经证明了有机材料的极好保存。按时间顺序控制将以木炭和骨骼上的放射性碳日期维持。微生物数据将用于识别驯化和野生植物食品的加工和消费，并确定何时将诸如玉米和Manioc之类的特定培养基纳入人类饮食中。这些数据还将用于研究这些家乡相对于其他野生类群的重要性。 数据将通过正式咨询和已发表文章转换为当地语言的后代社区共享。该项目还将促进对科学的妇女和代表性不足的学生的培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。