The Uxbenka Archaeological Project

乌克斯本卡考古项目

• 批准号: 0803353
• 负责人: Keith Prufer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-18 至 2010-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0803353&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Uxbenka; Archaeological; Project

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Keith Prufer and his team of colleagues will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research in southern Belize. The team brings together specialists in archaeology and epigraphy to examine geopolitical relationships between large and small Maya cities that flourished between 200 and 900 AD. The project will combine the analysis of the hieroglyphic texts with intensive archaeological survey and excavations at Uxbenka, a small Maya capital founded sometime before 500 AD. Uxbenka is the earliest known site in southern Belize, an agriculturally rich region and situated near to coastal and inland trade routes. It is also located between several larger political centers. Texts from the Uxbenka suggest that it maintained close political ties to the large urban center Tikal, though the exact nature of their relationship remains unclear. Understanding how large and small centers interacted will contribute to knowledge of Maya political and economic organization. Competing models posit that large Maya polities functioned as central places and capitals, with coherent boundaries, holding sway over smaller centers or, alternately, that large and small Maya centers were, though economically integrated, politically autonomous rivals. More recent studies suggest that understanding geopolitical links and barriers also requires accommodating historical realities of rivalry and shifting relationships, and that single function models oversimplify prehistoric political landscapes. The project addresses several related sets of research questions. When first settled, what links did Uxbenka have with other regions? Did Uxbenka develop under the sway of Tikal, or did they merely emulate or memorialize historical figures or dynasties mentioned in native texts? Did the suspected relationship with Tikal continue to manifest itself as Uxbenka grew and interacted with other polities? Data from mapping, excavations, the analysis of ceramics and other artifacts, and architectural variation, combined with the study of hieroglyphic texts from the site, will illustrate Uxbenka's history and regional and long-distance economic and political ties over time. This research addresses theoretical debates regarding culture contact and the difficulty of distinguishing between types of interregional interactions. The intellectual merit of this project is in its approach, which integrates archaeological and historical data to improve our understanding Maya settlement and interaction over time, and in its theoretical perspective, which recognizes that political and economic organization is often based on uneven and asymmetrical networks between competing groups, subject to change over time. The resulting data will have implications for understanding similar developments across the Maya area and for understanding the development, behavior, and functioning of early complex polities in general. The broader impacts of this project are in education and community development. The results of this project will be disseminated widely to both scholars and the general public. The project will provide teaching, training, and learning opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students. Because Uxbenka is located in a modern Mayan community, the project will work closely with indigenous groups and the Belize government to insure that archaeological research and preservation activities benefit plans for co-managed sustainable development of the archaeological site.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，基思·普鲁弗博士和他的同事团队将在伯利兹南部进行三个实地考古研究。该团队汇集了考古学和金石学专家，研究公元 200 年至 900 年繁荣的玛雅大小城市之间的地缘政治关系。该项目将对象形文字文本的分析与对乌克斯本卡（Uxbenka）的深入考古调查和发掘结合起来，乌克斯本卡是一个小型玛雅首都，建于公元 500 年之前。乌克斯本卡是伯利兹南部已知最早的遗址，伯利兹南部是一个农业丰富的地区，靠近沿海和内陆贸易路线。它也位于几个较大的政治中心之间。乌克斯本卡的文本显示，它与蒂卡尔大城市中心保持着密切的政治联系，尽管它们关系的确切性质仍不清楚。了解大大小小的中心如何相互作用将有助于了解玛雅政治和经济组织。相互竞争的模型认为，大型玛雅政体作为中心地点和首都，具有连贯的边界，对较小的中心具有影响力，或者，大小玛雅中心虽然在经济上一体化，但在政治上自治是竞争对手。 最近的研究表明，理解地缘政治联系和障碍还需要适应竞争和关系变化的历史现实，而单一功能模型过度简化了史前政治格局。 该项目解决了几组相关的研究问题。刚定居时，乌克斯本卡与其他地区有什么联系？ 乌克斯本卡是在蒂卡尔的影响下发展起来的，还是他们只是模仿或纪念本土文本中提到的历史人物或王朝？ 随着乌克斯本卡的成长并与其他政体互动，与蒂卡尔的可疑关系是否继续显现出来？ 来自测绘、发掘、陶瓷和其他文物分析以及建筑变化的数据，再加上对该遗址的象形文字文本的研究，将说明乌克斯本卡的历史以及随着时间的推移，区域和远距离的经济和政治联系。 这项研究解决了有关文化接触和区分区域间互动类型的困难的理论争论。该项目的学术价值在于它的方法，它整合了考古和历史数据，以提高我们对玛雅定居和随着时间的推移的互动的理解，以及它的理论视角，它认识到政治和经济组织往往基于竞争群体之间不平衡和不对称的网络，并随着时间的推移而变化。由此产生的数据将对理解整个玛雅地区的类似发展以及理解早期复杂政体的发展、行为和运作产生影响。 该项目更广泛的影响在于教育和社区发展。 该项目的成果将向学者和公众广泛传播。该项目将为研究生和本科生提供教学、培训和学习机会。由于乌克斯本卡位于现代玛雅社区，该项目将与土著群体和伯利兹政府密切合作，确保考古研究和保护活动有利于共同管理考古遗址可持续发展的计划。

项目成果

Household Inequality, Community Formation, and Land Tenure in Classic Period Lowland Maya Society

• DOI: 10.1007/s10816-020-09505-3
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Amy E. Thompson;Keith M. Prufer

Virtual cultural landscapes: Geospatial visualizations of past environments

虚拟文化景观：过去环境的地理空间可视化

• DOI: 10.1002/arp.1830
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Archaeological Prospection
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Monteleone, Kelly;Thompson, Amy E.;Prufer, Keith M.
• 通讯作者: Prufer, Keith M.

Comparing geostatistical analyses for the identification of neighborhoods, districts, and social communities in archaeological contexts: A case study from two ancient Maya centers in southern Belize

比较考古环境中识别社区、地区和社会社区的地统计分析：伯利兹南部两个古代玛雅中心的案例研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.06.012
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Thompson, Amy E.;Meredith, Clayton R.;Prufer, Keith M.
• 通讯作者: Prufer, Keith M.

Pottery production in a limestone-poor region of the Maya lowlands: Thin section petrography and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) analysis on pottery from Uxbenká, southern Belize

玛雅低地石灰岩贫乏地区的陶器生产：对伯利兹南部乌克斯本卡陶器进行薄片岩相学和扫描电子显微镜-能量色散光谱 (SEM-EDS) 分析

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102371
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
• 作者: Jordan, Jillian M.;Prufer, Keith M.
• 通讯作者: Prufer, Keith M.

The Low-Density Urban Systems of the Classic Period Maya and Izapa: Insights from Settlement Scaling Theory

经典时期玛雅和伊萨帕的低密度城市系统：聚落规模理论的见解

• DOI: 10.1017/laq.2020.80
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Latin American Antiquity
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Smith, Michael E.;Ortman, Scott G.;Lobo, José;Ebert, Claire E.;Thompson, Amy E.;Prufer, Keith M.;Liendo Stuardo, Rodrigo;Rosenswig, Robert M.
• 通讯作者: Rosenswig, Robert M.