PFI-TT: Decarbonizing concrete using carbon-negatively processed solid waste

这项创新-技术转化伙伴关系项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力是，通过利用烟气中的二氧化碳加强矿化，将城市固体废物焚烧（MSWI）灰烬（一种负价值、难以回收的固体废物）转化为高价值（每吨50美元）的混合补充胶凝材料（SCM）。scm是混凝土行业中用于增强性能和/或脱碳的商品。许多州面临着SCMs的严重短缺。MSWI灰分衍生的SCMs不仅在生产过程中吸收二氧化碳（即碳负），而且通过取代大部分水泥（混凝土的粘结剂阶段）减少了混凝土中的二氧化碳。使用一吨scm平均可减少1.2吨二氧化碳排放。这种负碳的供应链管理技术可以推广到使用烟气携带的二氧化碳的广泛固体废物，可能有利于混凝土工业和其他产生废物和二氧化碳密集型部门。拟议的项目旨在同时解决三个未满足的市场需求：(1)升级回收负价值固体废物，特别是城市生活垃圾，(2)解决混凝土行业中scm的短缺问题，以及(3)促进混凝土生产中的大规模二氧化碳利用。该技术可能使多个碳密集型工业部门（例如，废物转化为能源和混凝土生产）能够共同脱碳，方法是利用烟气携带的二氧化碳对当地废物进行升级回收，并生产可由当地混凝土生产商消费的负碳可持续发展材料。为了填补该技术商业化的知识空白，该项目试图了解和解决城市生活垃圾灰烬在形成一致产品时的成分变化。该团队还寻求设计一种工业上可行的工艺，将MSWI灰烬转化为负碳SCMs，并优化工艺参数，以最大限度地替代水泥。此外，本研究将使用碳负scm测试混凝土比例的关键性能指标，以建立其性能可信度并指导其实际应用。教师和学生将进行初步的技术经济和生命周期分析，并与工业伙伴合作制定市场转型计划。为了减轻潜在的技术和技术经济风险，将开发一种基于浆料的碳化方法和一种干碳化方法，用于负碳废物到商品的转化。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Partnerships for Innovation - Technology Translation (PFI-TT) project is the conversion of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes – a type of negative-value, hard-to-recycle solid wastes – into high-value ($50/ton) blended supplementary cementitious material (SCM) through enhanced mineralization using flue gas-borne carbon dioxide (CO2). SCMs are a commodity in the concrete industry used for performance enhancement and/or decarbonization. Many states facing with a severe shortage pf SCMs. The MSWI ashes-derived SCMs not only absorbs CO2 during production (i.e., carbon-negative), but also reduces the CO2 included in concrete by replacing a large portion of cement (the binder phase of concrete). Using 1 ton of SCMs reduces, on average, 1.2 ton of CO2 emissions. This carbon-negative SCMs technology, which can be extended to a broad range of solid wastes using flue gas-borne CO2, may benefit both the concrete industry and other waste-generating and CO2-intensive sectors. The proposed project aims to simultaneously address three un-met market needs: (1) upcycling negative-value solid wastes, specifically, MSWI ashes,(2) addressing the shortage of SCMs in the concrete industry, and (3) facilitating large-scale CO2 utilizations in concrete production. The technology may result in the ability to co-decarbonize multiple carbon-intensive industrial sectors (e.g., waste-to-energy and concrete production), by upcycling the indigenous waste using flue gas-borne CO2 and producing carbon-negative SCMs that can be consumed by local concrete producers. To fill the knowledge gaps towards commercialization of this technology, the project seeks to understand and address the compositional variability of MSWI ashes in forming consistent products. The team also seeks to design and prototype an industrially viable process to convert MSWI ashes into carbon-negative SCMs amd optimize processing parameters for maximal cement replacement. Additionally, the research will test critical performance metrics of concrete proportions using the carbon-negative SCMs in order to establish their performance credibility and guide their practical applications. Faculty and students will conduct preliminary techno-economic and life-cycle analyses and develop a market transition plan in collaboration with industrial partners. To mitigate potential technical and technoeconomic risks, both a slurry-based carbonation method and a dry-carbonation method will be developed for the carbon-negative waste-to-commodity conversion.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.