CAS-Climate: An Integrated Framework to Investigate Thermal Resilience of Sustainable Buildings and Living Environments for Greater Preparedness to Extreme Temperature Events

再加上建筑和建筑环境特征、家庭的社会和行为特征以及城乡不平等的影响，可能会导致不同程度的极端温度事件的脆弱性。为了最公平和有效地分配有限的资源，决策者需要一个框架，以便在极端温度事件发生之前规划和确定准备和干预的优先次序，并在这类事件发生期间和之后确定有效的应对和管理战略。特别是，有必要估计和预测极端温度对个人居民水平的影响，这些信息与社区、城市和区域因素高度相关。这项美国-中国跨学科研究的总体目标是建立一个城乡区域极端温度事件评估、准备和响应系统，供向全球可持续发展过渡期间使用。特别是，该项目的三个具体研究目标是：1)在可持续建筑发展的背景下，建立一个新的多标准和多尺度的建筑和生活环境对极端温度事件的应变能力评估；2)授权这一新的多尺度动态准备系统在城乡地区极端温度事件期间部署；以及3)制定高效、有效和公正的应对极端温度事件的战略和管理实践。该项目将特别关注可持续建筑的特征及其对物理、社会和人类相关方面的潜在影响，并考虑到向全球可持续发展和发展的过渡。该项目将汇集美国在建筑工程、建筑和社会学方面的学术专业知识，以及中国在城市规划、信息系统、土木工程和管理方面的研究优势，以开发一个针对热浪和寒潮的多尺度热弹性评估框架，进一步用于增强对极端温度事件的准备和确保适当的响应策略。热复原力评估框架将整合物理和社会背景变量，并涵盖从个人居住者到家庭、建筑物、社区和区域的多个尺度。更重要的是，通过使用模拟和基于调查的方法，这项研究将提供关于不同尺度上的热弹性在向可持续发展过渡期间如何受到特定物理和社会背景影响的基本理解。基于这些理解产生的响应和管理框架(由美国和中国研究团队合作进行)将提供一个量化平台，以平衡区域和建筑的可持续性、过渡性和对城乡连续体上与天气相关的灾害的应变能力。从社会影响的角度来看，这项研究将支持多尺度的脆弱性和复原力评估，用于为极端温度事件做准备，以及与准备、响应和管理相关的决策。这项工作将把与可持续性相关的目标诱发效应纳入城乡区域对极端温度事件的准备，实现净零碳排放和复原力之间的平衡。这项工作将建立的方法可以扩展到其他与天气有关的事件和灾害，促进对这些事件的更好的准备和反应。此外，项目团队将参与一系列教育和外联活动，将研究成果转化为本科和研究生水平的现有课程，通过利用目前侧重于少数族裔和代表不足的学生的大学和学院项目，扩大代表不足群体的参与，通过研讨会、会议报告和期刊出版物传播研究成果和发现。除了通过传统方式传播调查结果外，所有的项目数据以及教育和外展活动都将发布在一个专门的项目网站上，以及通过PSU的在线教育资源向公众开放。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Compounding the effects of building and built environment characteristics, the social and behavioral characteristics of households and urban-rural inequality can result in differing levels of vulnerability to extreme temperature events. To most fairly and effectively allocate limited resources, decision-makers need a framework for planning and prioritizing preparedness and intervention before extreme temperature events occur, as well as to identify effective response and management strategies during and after such events. In particular, there is a need to estimate and project extreme temperature- induced impacts on an individual resident level, information highly correlated to community, urban, and regional factors. The overarching goal of this interdisciplinary US-China research is to build an urban-rural regional assessment, preparedness, and response system for extreme temperature events for use during the transition to global sustainability. In particular, the project's three specific research goals are to: 1) build a new multi-criteria and multiscale assessment of building and living environments’ resilience to extreme temperature events in the context of the trend of sustainable building development, 2) empower this new multiscale dynamic preparedness system to be deployed during extreme temperature events in urban-rural regions, and 3) develop efficient, effective, and just strategies and management practices for responding to extreme temperature events. Special focus will be on the characteristics of sustainable buildings and the potential impacts on physical, social, and human-related aspects, taking the transition to global sustainability and development into account.This project will bring together US academic expertise in architectural engineering, construction, and sociology and Chinese research strengths in urban planning, information systems, civil engineering, and management to develop a multiscale thermal resilience assessment framework for heat and cold waves that can further be utilized to empower preparedness and ensure appropriate response strategies for extreme temperature events. The thermal resilience assessment framework will integrate both physical and social context variables and cover multiple scales, ranging from individual occupants to households, buildings, communities, and regions. More importantly, by employing simulations and survey-based methods, this research will provide fundamental understandings about how thermal resilience at different scales is affected by specific physical and social contexts during the transition to sustainability. The resultant response and management framework based on these understandings (collaboratively conducted by the US-China research team) will provide a quantitative platform to balance the regional and building’s sustainability transition and resilience to weather-associated disasters along the urban and rural continuum. From the societal impact perspective, the research will support multi-scale vulnerability and resilience assessments for use in preparing for extreme temperature events and decision-making related to preparedness, response, and management. This work will bring sustainability-related target-induced effects into urban-rural regional preparedness for extreme temperature events, achieving a balance between net-zero carbon emissions and resilience. The methodology to be created in this work can be expanded to other weather-related events and disasters, promoting greater preparedness and responses to those events. Also, the project team will engage in the a series of educational and outreach activities, transferring research outcomes to existing courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels, broadening participation by under-represented groups by leveraging current university and college programs that focus on minorities and underrepresented students, disseminating research results and findings through seminars, conference presentations, and journal publications. In addition to disseminating the findings through traditional means, all of the project data and educational and outreach activities will be posted on a dedicated project website, as well as through PSU’s online educational resources, which are open to the public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.